Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science

Study the Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Cultivation and Growth of Algae Chlorella vulgaris

Murooj Abbas Buhlool Al-Ghizzi — 2024-03-12

The study investigated the potential of Chlorella vulgaris to promote agricultural plant growth while inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms. Chlorella algae, purified from the Al-Gharraf River and cultured on Chu-10 medium, were examined under different conditions. The use of urea fertilizer led to varying Chlorella numbers across growth stages, with increases in early stages and a subsequent decrease. Additionally, three urea concentrations (3%, 5%, and 10%) were compared with a control treatment. Results showed Chlorella numbers reaching 50 cells per 100 mL on the seventh day and 400 cells per 100 mL on the fifth day. While the optimal cultivation conditions for Chlorella vulgaris were explored, revealing daylight, a temperature of 25°C as conducive to algae growth. The effective culture medium consisted of the Chu-10 medium. This research suggests the potential of Chlorella biomass for creating biopesticides and growth stimulators.

A Study on the Prevalence of Diabetes in Thi-Qar City

Lamyaa Kadhim Ouda — 2024-03-13

Diabetes is one serious life disorder whose incidence is rising worldwide. The study was designed to examine the prevalence of 100 patients with diabetes mellitus. Over a period of time, we collected data for patients from Al-Hussein Education Hospital and the Special Centre for Diabetes in Thi-Qar from February 2023 to February 2024, which has been studied according to age, residential area, and sex. According to the study, the risk of developing diabetes increases with age, particularly if the person is losing weight and eating a poor diet. Diabetes becomes more common as people age and become obese. The study also found that the percentage of cases of men with diabetes increases a little more than in women and for different factors. As for the geographical distribution, it was found that urban logicians spread the disease at a higher percentage than in rural areas because of population distribution and other economic factors.

An Investigation on Poor Oral Hygiene Practices Effect on Dental Caries and Malocclusion Rates Among Teenagers Attending Southern Iraqi Secondary Schools

Ghazwan Hasan Jasim — 2024-03-15

Among the prevalent oral conditions affecting adolescents are caries and malocclusion deformity. This study examined the impact of variables including bad dental practices on teenage caries in order to investigate the relationship between malocclusion deformity and caries prevalence. The research subjects for this study were 184 teenagers, aged 11 to 14, who were enrolled in four secondary schools in Nasiriyah, southern Iraq, during the 2018–2019 academic year. These teenagers' basic information was gathered using questionnaires. By doing an on-site examination, malocclusion and caries were examined. We also investigated their bad dental habits. Following the acquisition of data, multivariate analysis was conducted using the chi-square test, logistic regression, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test. In this region, among teenagers aged 11-14, the frequency of malocclusion was found to be 26.63%, while the caries rate was 60.68%. The four bad oral behaviors that affected malocclusion in teenagers were biting, mandibular protrusion, lateral chewing, and mouth breathing. Malocclusion, poor dental hygiene, and frequent use of sugary drinks were all found to be independent risk factors for dental caries in teenagers and to be positively correlated with the caries rate. In adolescents, malocclusion and harmful oral practices were independent risk factors for dental caries.

Designing a Mobile App for Adolescent Health as Pre-Marital Preparation to Prevent Early Stunting: A User-Centred

Cholifah Cholifah — 2024-03-18

Stunting is a condition where toddlers have less length or height than their age. Premarital preparation is where men and women must prepare themselves from all physical, mental, and socio-economic aspects. This study aims to design a Mobile App for Adolescent Health as Pre-Marital Preparation to Prevent Early Stunting. This study was conducted in Posyandu (adolescent integrated service center) in Sidoarjo. A total of 22 participants were recruited through an online survey. According to several respondents who have seen the first mobile prototype, the overall UI/UX of the website already has a decent appearance and provides a good experience, in line with user expectations. The midwife interface must be added to the edit menu and the history of activities or services provided to adolescents. Teenagers say that this app fulfills all their health needs. As with most studies, this is not a perfect study, but several key questions have been studied according to the systems science methods, and some relevant results have been obtained to help solve these problems. This study takes the redesign of the user interface based on feedback from respondents after the redesign is carried out, an application ready to be used for adolescent health services created to be software usefully.

Biochemical Changes Accompanying Diarrhea in Infected Calves in Tikrit Governorate

Nibrass Jawdaa Hazim — 2024-03-19

The study aimed at some biochemical changes (proteins and electrolytes) and blood changes in calves with diarrhea. The study included (110) calves of the local breed, of both sexes, from different areas of the city of Tikrit, with ages ranging between (1-8) months. The study included two groups, the first group (the group with diarrhea, 100 calves), and the second group (the group Control: 10 healthy calves, and all study animals were subjected to clinical examinations. 110 fecal and blood samples were collected from the calves (100 samples with diarrhea and 10 healthy samples were considered as a control group) and for the period from the beginning of October 2022 until the end of July 2023, the blood samples were drawn. From the jugular vein and placed in test tubes or without anticoagulant (EDTA), it was placed in a centrifuge to obtain blood serum and kept at -20°C until biochemical tests were performed on it using a commercial kit prepared for this purpose. Results of biochemical tests accompanying cases of diarrhea in calves. The study noted a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the rates of sodium ions, bicarbonate, total protein, and albumin, and a significant increase (P<0.05) in the value of the rising gap rate. As for blood count values in animals suffering from diarrhea, the study noted a significant increase (P<0.05) in the values of the total number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, and the size of packed blood cells, while we did not notice any significant differences (P<0.05) in the concentrations of each of the following: The average corpuscular volume, the corpuscular hemoglobin rate, and the corpuscular hemoglobin concentration rate.

Investigating the Concentration of Heavy Elements in Soils from Thi-Qar Governorate

Alaa M. Nassar — 2024-03-21

Heavy metals are widely recognized as environmental contaminants owing to their toxicity, enduring presence in the environment, and ability to accumulate in living organisms. These metals originate from natural sources such as the breakdown of rocks containing metal deposits and volcanic eruptions. However, human activities such as transportation, waste management, industrial development, and various social and agricultural practices greatly contribute to environmental pollution and affect the overall global ecosystem. Heavy metals (HMs) are among the most dangerous toxicants because they enter the soil via multiple mechanisms and accumulate in the food chain. Toxic metal pollution has increased dramatically from the beginning of the industrial revolution. This study was conducted to determine the levels of contamination of the soil of Thi Qar Governorate, located in southern Iraq, with heavy metals including lead, cadmium, Zinc, and copper during September and October for the years 2023-2024. The study contained modelling and analysis of nine soil samples from the Eredo, Al-Husaynat, Al-Arja, Al-Khamisiya Al-Bathaa, Suq Al-Shuyoukh, Al-Shatrah, Al-Rifai, and Al-Chibaish districts. The heavy metal measurement levels were in the following range: Pb (73 -2.5 ppm), Cd (13.3-0.016 ppm), Zn (42-8.1 ppm), and Cu (26-4 ppm). The concentration of the metals in the soil samples varied according to the following trend: Pb>Zn>Cu>Cd. The findings indicated that the soil in the Eredo area, Al-Arja, and Al-Husaynat districts is contaminated with lead and cadmium, exceeding the globally permitted limits for uncontaminated soil.

Physico-Chemical Properties of the New Domestic Mesh Implant "Niprocel"

Sapaev Duschan Shukhratovich — 2024-03-22

The article presents experimental studies on the evaluation of the physico-chemical properties of the new mesh implant "Niprocel". A mesh prosthesis with a composite coating was developed for use in herniology in allogernioplasty of ventral hernias. This series of experiments is a mandatory preclinical study. It has been established that the polypropylene mesh meets the requirements for medical implants in terms of: bioinertness, biocompatibility, adhesion, strength, hemostatic effect, as well as the possibility of sterilization without disturbing the structure and properties.

Using Safranine Dye for Indirect Spectrophotometric Determination of Furosemide in the Presence N-bromosuccinamide

Maha M. Al-Taee — 2024-03-23

A sensitive and accurate indirect spectroscopic method has been proposed for the determination of furosemide in acidic media. The method includes oxidation of safranin dye in the presence of N-bromosuccinimide as an oxidizing agent to form a pink-colored product that can be measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 526 nm. The molar absorbance and Sandel sensitivity were (2.4×104 L/mol.cm) and (0.0135 µg\cm) respectively, the correlation coefficient was 0.9995 with a recovery rate of 97.24%, a standard deviation of 0.867%, 0.0966 µg\ml for (LOD) and 0.322 µg\ml for (LOQ). The technique was applied to determine the purity of furosemide and the medicinal forms of it.

Post-Pandemic Sleep Disorders: Understanding Insomnia in the Aftermath of COVID-19

Neeran F. Hassan — 2024-03-24

Sleep issues after recovery have gotten a limited amount of investigation, despite the fact that the effects of COVID-19 are becoming more commonly understood. Students which had made a full recovery from COVID-19 were compared to individuals who had never been infected in order to determine the links between the between sleep interruptions and students who had recovered. In this research, both students evaluations were conducted on pupils who had recovered from COVID-19 as well as individuals who had never been infected again. The students were paired using age, gender, education and socioeconomic background. The study had a total of 110 participating students. In-between November of 2021 and March of 2022, students from the Pharmacy College and other colleges belonging to Al-Qadisiyah University were selected. A socio-demographic and clinical checklist was used together with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale in the interviews done with participants. Other measures used in this study include the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale. However, fifty percent of those who recovered reported sleep problems whereas fifty percent of those that were nonrecoverable cases did not. A total of fifty-five percent (55/1110) of recovered COVID-19 students and one hundred percent (55/55) of control participants were found to have sleep disturbances, respectively. The recovered participants, with the exception of those who used medications, exhibited significantly higher levels of sleep instabilities across all domains that were measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire. This group of domains comprised There was a significant difference (P < 0.001) in the quality of sleep, latency, duration, efficiency, disruptions, and daytime dysfunction, as well as the overall PSQI score (P ≤ 0.001). First, it was demonstrated that students suffering from covid 19 recovered have a worse subjective sleep quality and that major depressive symptoms did not contribute significantly to sleep measure and numerous researchers have agreed on the need for further researches in order to uncover the complex relationship between Covid 19 and sleep. 2.3%, confidence interval with a 95% rate: Some typical symptoms of the sleep disorder include are measures of sleep quality and some indicators of the hyperhidrosis and abnormal pandemic waters of the covid-19. The Covid-19’s relationship to sleep difficulties is still a researchable area of concern as a possible consequence of COVID-19. This is because COVID-19 has the capacity to affect either the physical or the psychic that leads to the impairment of either psychic or physical functions.

Experimental Evaluation of a New Method for Achieving Aerostasis in Lung Surgery

Sadykov Rustam Abrarovich — 2024-03-29

Postoperative air leakage-alveolo-pleural fistula, is one of the most frequent and insidious complications in thoracic surgery and the main limiting factor in early discharge of patients from the hospital. One of the directions of the search for means to reduce the risk of developing these complications is the development of new implants and methods of their application. In this regard, at the present time, it is necessary to continue the development of new biocompatible coatings and methods of their application. The article considers an experimental evaluation of a new method for ensuring tightness of sutures in lung surgery to reduce the risk of such manifestations as aerostasis failure. The essence of the technique consists in intraparenchymatous injection of a gel substance into the area of lung tissue damage. The biological reactions of tissues and the timing of gel resorption in lung tissue have been studied. This range of research is of fundamental importance for the new techniques created, while the main task is precisely to study the safety of intraparenchymatous use of a gel substance. In this aspect, the effectiveness and duration of aerostasis were evaluated in ex vivo and in vivo experiments. The conducted studies have established that 3.3% Hemoben gel injected into the lung parenchyma at a dose of 1 ml per 1 g does not have an irritating and toxic effect, and according to spectrophotometric studies, it is completely removed from the lung tissue within 7-10 days. At the same time, the proposed technique is characterized by the effectiveness and safety of application, and the results obtained make it possible to apply this method in clinical practice.

Clinical Evaluation of the Results of Organ-Preserving Operations in Liver Echinococcosis with Elastic Fibrous Capsule

Babadjanov Azam Khasanovich — 2024-04-01

One of the urgent issues in the surgery of echinococcosis of the liver remains the option of treatment of the residual cavity, implying both antiparasitic efficacy and the possibility of accelerating the processes of obliteration of the fibrous capsule. The article highlights the results of echinococcectomy from the liver, analyzed taking into account the method of treatment of residual cavities with an elastic fibrous capsule. The proposed method for treating the residual cavity in uncomplicated forms of liver echinococcosis in the presence of an elastic fibrous capsule that subsides after extraction of the parasite, includes laser radiation, which makes it possible to treat cavities of any configuration, inhibition of the growth of pathogenic flora, as well as in combination with the use of a powdered composition "HEMOBEN". The technique promotes local hemo and lymphostasis, sealing of the bile duct microspheres and strengthening of the processes of obliteration of the walls of the fibrous capsule both during suturing and vacuum drainage. The method can be used as an alternative to pericystectomy and liver resection.

Dynamics of Quality of Life in Patients with Combined Post-Burn Cicatricial Strictures of the Esophagus and Stomach

Nizamkhodjaev Zayniddin Makhamatоvich — 2024-04-05

Performed diagnosis and treatment of combined post-burn scar constrictions of the esophagus and stomach depending on the stage of burn disease in 247 patients, men were 112 (45.3%) and women - 135 (54.7%) aged 18-73 years (mean age - 34.62±3.43 years). Patients of working age (19-59 years) prevailed - 235 (95.1%). Depending on the prevalence of esophageal and gastric lesions, based on the subjective assessment of the quality of life of the studied patients it is necessary to change the surgical tactics, so the prevalence of esophageal lesions definitely needs early treatment, for combined lesions without prevalence of gastric or esophageal lesions at the same nutritional status the terms of the burn disease do not matter, in case of combined post-burn scar constrictions of esophagus and stomach with prevalence of gastric lesions the surgical correction is effective also at any stage.

Nuclear Security Culture Assessment of Medical Facilities in Malaysia

Amirul Fakhruddin Jamaludin — 2024-04-19

National regulations are always consistent in providing the first layer of safety and security in nuclear-related medical facilities. Since its introduction, nuclear security has become the main focus of organizations to prevent any malicious activities due to internal and external threats made possible as harsh idealism growth is consistent with an increased number of populations. Briefly, the self-assessment allows an organization to develop and maintain a security culture among nuclear personnel by testing out knowledge and awareness involves radioactive sources. The objective of this study is to evaluate certain areas of an organization on nuclear security culture based on IAEA’s nuclear security model. A survey was performed on 117 radiological personnel that uses ionizing radiation sourcing from radioactive materials as well as irradiating apparatuses direct and indirectly by handing out cross-sectional questionnaires. The questions (scaled using numerical values, 1-7) were collected and categorized into several populations which are level of education, age, years of working and etc. The scores were then analyzed using appropriate statistical method. A report on strengths and weaknesses in several areas was given back to the organization for further development and enhancement of security. The study shows that awareness is greater within personnel with higher level of education. The results also showed an in awareness with age due to the fact that workers who are older portrayed a deeper understanding of what they are doing. There is a significant difference of scores in terms of duration of service where workers with 6-10 years of experience were more aware of the importance of security culture compared to those with 21-30 years of experience. In conclusion, it is found that there are several factors including the subject’s demographic that affect the level of awareness and knowledge among radiation personnel that works with radioactive materials.

Treating Soil Contamination with Household Cleaners Using Bio-Prepared Nano-Iron Oxide

Khalisa Ahmed Qahtan Ahmed — 2024-04-23

Everyday life involves the use of laundry detergents. They are essential in maintaining hygienic conditions. Water and plant-based cleaning solutions were used in the past to clean clothing. But as living conditions have improved and technology has advanced quickly, there has been a rise in the demand for and use of laundry detergents, which have gradually supplanted the long-standing practice of using plant species to clean clothing and textiles. This review's main goal was to investigate how the growing manufacturing and use of contemporary laundry detergents has affected the environment. This was accomplished by employing qualitative content analysis to examine the numerous research studies on laundry detergents that were published in scientific journal articles, the environmental regulations for laundry detergents in different nations, and other published scientific publications on the topic. The conclusion is that while technical developments in detergent and soap formulas have improved the washing of clothing, they are having a negative impact on the environment and human health. The release of laundry detergents and/or their prepared solutions into the environment presents a serious risk in terms of loading wastewater, treating it later, using resources, and getting rid of packaging debris. The findings presented in these research, despite their limited dissemination, offer important insights for the creation of laundry detergents that take into account environmental and economic factors while utilizing a variety of botanical resources. The most significant studies' and reports' findings are utilized to suggest crucial new lines of inquiry for upcoming investigations into the systems and technologies needed to create environmentally friendly laundry detergents for residential usage.

Current or Delayed Appendectomy? Effect of Time on 170 Patients with Acute Appendicitis

Deaa Abdulkhlik Raheem — 2024-04-24

Surgeons throughout the world deal with acute appendicitis more than any other emergency medical illness. An estimated 6-7% of the population will experience acute appendicitis at some point in their lives. Acute appendicitis affects over 7% of the population at some point, with the highest prevalence seen in those aged 10–30. Because of the potential for acute appendicitis to proceed pathologically into perforation, gangrenous appendicitis, and abscess formation, it is normal practice to perform appendicectomy as soon as possible, if not immediately. Nevertheless, there have been authors who have questioned this approach and proposed that appendicectomies can be postponed in certain instances without causing any negative postoperative complications. One hundred and seventy individuals (94 men and 76 females) had appendicectomy in a hospital in the Diyala governorate between June 2021 and July 2022 as part of this prospective randomized trial. All of the patients who underwent appendectomy were divided into two groups for the purpose of performing the comparison: Patients who undergo surgery within eight hours after reaching the hospital are categorized as Group A, whereas patients who undergo surgery after eight hours are categorized as Group B. Results Group B had a lower mean white blood cell count on the first day after surgery compared to group A (p = 0.0018). This could be because both groups' patients took antibiotics, typically a combination of two drugs (one cephalosporin plus metronidazole) before the operation. The timing of commencing the liquid diet did not differ significantly between the two groups. Both groups began oral medication within the first 24 hours (p value 0.0715). Group B had a rate of 0.37% for acute and early postoperative complications, while group A had a rate of 0.02%. It is not statistically significant (p = 0.4022). Group A's postoperative hospital stay durations range from two days to less than one day, whereas group B's durations are similarly non-significant (p value 0.0826).Readmission for serious surgical site infection (severe cellulitis or wound abscess) or developing symptoms of adhesional intestinal obstruction occurred in 0.025% of patients in group B and 0.016% of patients in group A within 30 days (p value 0.9984). If the P-value is more than 0.05, then it is not statistically significant. Acute appendicitis is still a surgical emergency, although simple instances aren't always considered life-threatening enough to warrant an immediate operation (early appendicectomy) due to concerns about potential complications. Results showed that individuals with simple appendicitis might safely undergo delayed appendicectomy. A delayed appendicectomy has several potential benefits, including better patient care, more effective use of medical resources, and the ability to devote operating rooms to other potentially life-threatening emergencies.

Effect of SLC30A8 rs13266634 Genetic Polymorphism with Diabetic Nephropathy Patients

Noorhan E. Kadhim — 2024-04-24

Diabetic nephropathy is a pathological disease that is commonly observed in persons with diabetes. The purpose of this research was to compare the effects of the SLC30A8 rs13266634 gene polymorphism on people with and without diabetic nephropathy. The study comprised 170 patients, aged 40 to 75, who were admitted to the dialysis unit at the Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital in Iraq in 2021 and 2022. There is a connection between SLC30A8 gene polymorphisms and diabetic nephropathy, according to the results of a study looking at the interaction between comorbid diseases and patients with the disease. Particularly, we discovered that individuals with the C allele of T/C (OR = 0.509, 95% Cl = 0.307- 0.843, p-value = 0.008 < 0.05), the TC genotype of T/C (OR = 0.280, 95% Cl = 0.118- 0.665, p-value = 0.003 < 0.05), and the TC & CC genotype had higher odds of infection with DN compared to the TT genotype (OR = 0.391, 95% Cl = 0.203- 0.756, p-value = 0.005 < 0.05).

Diabesity Effects on Fetuin- A, Adiponectin and Leptin

Noor Alhuda Kh Ibrahim — 2024-04-24

An increasing amount of epidemiological research connects liver function to excessive weight and its aftereffects, that also diabetes and metabolic illness. Experiments showed a elaborate system of connections in relation to liver and fat storage that mutually regulate their respective activities, in line with human findings. The main mediators of this connection are hormone/cytokine signals located in the fat (adiponectin and leptin) and the liver (fetuin-A). We will discuss the latest advancements in our comprehension of the processes underpinning the interaction in relation to the liver and adipose tissue that puts individuals at risk for diabetes, obesity, and other health problems. Increased fetuin-A degrees are link to grow likelihood of developing type two diabetes and the metabolic illness. Adiponectin deficiency is associated with multiple illnesses, that also atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes as well as body fat. Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, which result from inadequate leptin signaling in the hypothalamus (produced by hyperleptinemia in obese individuals), are the primary causes of diabetes mellitus.

Improved Histological Effect of Salmonella Typhimurium Ghost Vaccine Used in the Treatment of Colon Cancer Induced in Male Albino Rats

R. Al-Qarraawi — 2024-04-26

Colorectal cancer continues among most serious life-threatening tumors worldwide. Recently, as a result of the progress made in microbial science and its relationship to cancer, and the efforts made to eliminate this dangerous disease without affecting normal cells, the current study aimed to shed light on Bacteria-mediated cancer therapy as a promising therapeutic tool with less side effects and due to its high immune stimulation effect. Colon cancer was induced in male albino rats using Azoxymethane (AOM) at 15mg/Kg bw, the curative effect (post-treatment) of Salmonella typhimurium ghosts (STGs), which was prepared using chemical concentrations selected in a special protocol, was studied by inoculated the animal subcutaneously with a 100 μl/rat in single dose with equal volumes (1:1) of STGs +Freund's adjuvant. We vaccinated the animal with (STGs) in 3 cycles. After 42 days of the whole vaccination, the animals were sacrificed, the colorectal tissues were removed and preserved in a diluted formalin solution until performing grossly and histological examinations. The result revealed that histolpathological changes in induced colorectal cancer includes damage and alterations in mucosal crypts architecture, increase spaces between crypts, dysplastic changes in crypts epithelium. In vaccine treated animal showing severe histological alterations, infiltration of inflammatory cells and significant hyperplasia in lymphoid tissue, comparing with the control group. In conclusion, vaccination by STGs vaccine using S. typhimurium will enhance the immune response, which is a promising medication for the treatment of colon cancer.