Segmentation of White Blood Cells with Colour Space Transformation and use of Transfer Learning for Optimization

  • R Angeline Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Sajini S Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Arvind Divakar Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Keywords: white blood cells, swarm intelligence, transfer learning, image segmentation, HSI, unet

Abstract

White blood cells (WBC), or leukocytes, are an essential part of the human immune system, constantly protecting the body against viruses, bacteria and other foreign invaders. Determining the WBC is crucial for curing various diseases, especially leukemia. The abnormality of WBC count causes leukemia, failing the autoimmune system. Image segmentation, an application of pattern recognition techniques, is employed in this paper to find the WBC count. WBC are identified by the colour difference between their nucleus and cytoplasm. Using CNN’s U-net architecture, the cell borders of WBC are marked, enabling us to find the area of abnormality in the given sample. This method is trained on the images in the known training data. The model can produce an accuracy of around 87% for segmenting WBC from the blood smear. And for the final output with the concept of swarm intelligence in AI. The WBC count in the image is found with the OpenCV method considering optimization purposes. Secondly, the system transfers and modifies the model with transfer learning models VGG/ResNet and counts cells with the deep neural model. The counting model can be used for other modelling and application purposes.

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116. Abulkasim, H., Farouk, A., Alsuqaih, H., Hamdan, W., Hamad, S., & Ghose, S. (2018). Improving the security of quantum key agreement protocols with single photon in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom. Quantum Information Processing, 17(11), 1-11.
117. Abulkasim, H., Farouk, A., Hamad, S., Mashatan, A., & Ghose, S. (2019). Secure dynamic multiparty quantum private comparison. Scientific reports, 9(1), 1-16.
118. Zhou, N. R., Liang, X. R., Zhou, Z. H., & Farouk, A. (2016). Relay selection scheme for amplify‐and‐forward cooperative communication system with artificial noise. Security and Communication Networks, 9(11), 1398-1404.
119. Abulkasim, H., Alsuqaih, H. N., Hamdan, W. F., Hamad, S., Farouk, A., Mashatan, A., & Ghose, S. (2019). Improved dynamic multi-party quantum private comparison for next-generation mobile network. IEEE Access, 7, 17917-17926.
120. Naseri, M., Abdolmaleky, M., Parandin, F., Fatahi, N., Farouk, A., & Nazari, R. (2018). A new quantum gray-scale image encoding scheme. Communications in Theoretical Physics, 69(2), 215.
121. Naseri, M., Abdolmaleky, M., Laref, A., Parandin, F., Celik, T., Farouk, A., ... & Jalalian, H. (2018). A new cryptography algorithm for quantum images. Optik, 171, 947-959.
122. Heidari, S., Abutalib, M. M., Alkhambashi, M., Farouk, A., & Naseri, M. (2019). A new general model for quantum image histogram (QIH). Quantum Information Processing, 18(6), 1-20.
123. Shakir Khan, Mohammed AlAjmi and Irfan Khan, “Cloud Computing Utilization for E-Learning Pharmaceutical System”, International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 385-390, 2014. http://www.ijstr.org/final-print/mar2014/Cloud-Computing-Utilization-For-E-learning-Pharmaceutical-System.pdf
124. Mohammed AlAjmi and Shakir Khan, “Collaborative Pharmacy Student Learning Outline for Mobile Atmosphere”, International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 107-113, 2014.
125. Mohammed AlAjmi, Shakir Khan and Arun Sharma, “Studying Data Mining and Data Warehousing with Different E-Learning System”, International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 144-147, 2013.
126. Shakir Khan, Mohammed AlAjmi, Abu Sarwar Zamani and Ali Akhtar, “Keeping Data on Clouds: Cloud Computing Significance”, International Journal of Engineering & Science Research, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 2321-2327, 2013.
127. Shakir Khan, Mohamed F. AlAjmi, “The Open Source Software (OSS) Utilization in Project Scattered Computing Environments”, International Journal of Scientific Research, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 177-178, 2013.
128. Geno Peter, Anli Sherine, Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Ramya Kuppusamy, Arun Radhakrishnan, Histogram Shifting based Quick Response Steganography method for Secure Communication” Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing. vol. 2022, 10 pages, 2022.
129. Geno Peter, Anli Sherine, Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Ramya Kuppusamy, Arun Radhakrishnan, Design of Automated Deep Learning-based Fusion Model for Copy-Move Image Forgery Detection” Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience. vol. 2022, 9 pages, 2022.
130. Hariprasath Manoharan, Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Ramya Kuppusamy, Arun Radhakrishnan, K Venkatachalam, Acclimatization Of Nano Robots In Medical Applications Using Artificial Intelligence System With Data Transfer Approach” Wireless Communications And Mobile Computing. vol. 2022, 9 pages, 2022. Ashok Kumar L, Ramya Kuppusamy, Yuvaraja Teekarama
131. n, Indragandhi V, Arun Radhakrishnan, Design and Implementation of Automatic Water Spraying System for Solar Photovoltaic Module” Mathematical Problems In Engineering. vol. 2022, 9 pages, 2022.
132. K Veena, K Meena, Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Ramya Kuppusamy, Arun Radhakrishnan, Cybercrime Detection using C SVM and KNN Techniques” Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing. vol. 2022, 8 pages, 2022.
133. Yuvaraja Teekaraman, KA Ramesh Kumar, Ramya Kuppusamy, Amruth Ramesh Thelkar, SSNN Based Energy Management Strategy in Grid-Connected System for Load Scheduling and Load Sharing” Mathematical Problems In Engineering. vol. 2022, Article ID 2447299, 9 pages, 2022.
134. M. Bharathidasan, V. Indragandhi, Ramya Kuppusamy, Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Shabana Urooj, Norah Alwadi, ‘Intelligent Fuzzy Based High Gain Non-Isolated Converter for DC Micro-Grids” CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua. Vol 71, No.2, 2022.
135. Hariprasath Manoharan, Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Ramya Kuppusamy, Arun Radhakrishnan, A Novel Optimal Robotized Parking System Using Advanced Wireless Sensor Network” Journal of Sensors. Volume 2021, Page 1-8, 2021.
136. Kamaleshwar T, Lakshminarayanan R, Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Ramya Kuppusamy, Arun Radhakrishnan, A Self-Adaptive framework for Rectification and Detection of Blackhole and Wormhole attacks in 6LoWPAN” Wireless Communications And Mobile Computing. Volume 2021, 2021. Page 1-8.
137. Pavan Babu Bandla, Indragandhi Vairavasundaram, Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Srete Nikolovski, “Real Time Sustainable Power Quality Analysis of Non-Linear Load under Symmetrical Conditions” Energies 2022, 15(01).
138. Hariprasath Manoharan, Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Ramya Kuppusamy, Arun Radhakrishnan, A Prognostic Three-Axis Coordination Model for Supply Chain Regulation Using Machine Learning Algorithm” Scientific Programming. Volume 2021, 2021. Page 1-9.
139. Hariprasath Manoharan, Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Ramya Kuppusamy, Arun Radhakrishnan, An Intellectual Energy Device for Household Appliances Using Artificial Neural Network” Mathematical Problems In Engineering. Volume 2021, 2021. Page 1-9.
140. Nagarajan Manikandan, Rajappa Muthaiah, Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Ramya Kuppusamy, Arun Radhakrishnan, A Novel Random Error Approximate Adder-Based Lightweight Image Encryption Scheme for Secure Remote Monitoring of Reliable Data” Security and Communication Networks. Vol 2021, 2021. Page 1-14.
141. Senthilselvan Natarajan, Subramaniyaswamy Vairavasundaram, Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Ramya Kuppusamy, Arun Radhakrishnan, Schema-Based Mapping Approach for Data Transformation toEnrich Semantic Web” Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing. Vol 2021, 2021. Page 1-15.
142. Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Hariprasath Manoharan, Ramya Kuppusamy, Fadwa Alrowais, Shabana Urooj, Energy Efficient Multi-Hop Routing Protocol for Smart Vehicle Monitoring Using Intelligent Sensor Networks” International Journal Of Distributed Sensor Networks. Vol 17, Issue 12. 2021. Page 1-11.
143. Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Ramya Kuppusamy, V. Indragandhi, ‘Modeling and Analysis of PV System with Fuzzy Logic MPPT Technique for a DC Microgrid under Variable Atmospheric Conditions” Electronics. (20) 2541, 2021.
144. Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Ramya Kuppusamy, V. Indragandhi, ‘Investigations on the effect of micro-grid using improved NFIS-PID with hybrid algorithms” Computing. Springer 2021. DOI: 10.1007/s00607-021-01006-9.
145. Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Jasmin Pamela, V. Indragandhi, R. Saranya, Shabana Urooj, V. Subramaniyaswamy, Norah Alwadi ‘’2D Finite Element Analysis of Asynchronous Machine Influenced under Power Quality Perturbations” CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua. Volume 70. Number 03, pp. 5745-5763, 2021.
146. Ratnam Kamala Sarojini, Palanisamy Kaliannan, Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Srete Nikolovski, Hamid Reza Baghaee, ''An Enhanced Emulated Inertia Control for Grid-Connected PV Systems with HESS in a Weak Grid''” Energies 2021, 14(06), 1455 (1-21);
147. Subramanian Vasantharaj, Indragandhi Vairavasundaram, Subramaniyaswamy Vairavasundaram, Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Ramya Kuppusamy, Nikolovski Srete, Efficient Control of DC Microgrid with Hybrid PV—Fuel Cell and Energy Storage Systems” Energies 2021, 14(06), 3234 (1-18);
148. Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Hariprasath Manoharan, "Implementation of Cognitive Radio Model for Agricultural Applications using Hybrid Algorithms". Wireless Personal Communications, Accepted. 2021.
149. Rahul Gopi, Soundarya S, Kavitha P, Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Ramya Kuppusamy, Shabana Urooj “Enhanced Model Reference Adaptive Control Scheme for Tracking Control of Magnetic Levitation System” Energies 2021, 14(05), 1455 (1-13).
150. Shabana Urooj, Fadwa Alrowais, Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Hariprasath Manoharan, Ramya Kuppusamy, “IoT Based Electric Vehicle Application Using Boosting Algorithm for Smart Cities” Energies 2021, 14(04), 1072 (1-15).
151. Shabana Urooj, Fadwa Alrowais, Ramya Kuppusamy, Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Hariprasath Manoharan, “New Gen Controlling Variable using Dragonfly Algorithm in PV Panel” Energies 2021, 14(04), 790 (1-14).
152. Hariprasath Manoharan, Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Pravin R Kshirsagar, Shanmugam Sundaramurthy, Abirami Manoharan, Examining the effect of Aquaculture using Sensor based Technology with Machine Learning Algorithm. Aquaculture Research, 13(15), pp.1-16. 2020.
153. Hariprasath Manoharan, Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Irina Kirpichnikova, Ramya Kuppusamy, Srete Nikolovski, Hamid Reza Baghaee., Smart Grid Monitoring by Wireless Sensors Using Binary Logistic Regression. Energies, 13(15), pp.1-16. 2020.
154. Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Hariprasath Manoharan., Adam Raja Basha, Abirami Manoharan., Hybrid Optimization Algorithms for Resource Allocation in Heterogeneous Cognitive Radio Networks. Neural Processing Letters. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11063-020- 10255-2. 2020.
155. Yuvaraja.T, KA Ramesh Kumar, “Enhanced Frequency Shift Carrier Modulation for H Bridge Multilevel Converter to Conquer the Impact of Instability in Deputize Condenser Voltage” International Journal Of Electrical Engineering Education, Volume 57 Issue 2, April 2020.
156. Yuvaraja Teekaraman, K Ramya, Srete Nikolovski, “Current Compensation in Grid Connected VSCs using Advanced Fuzzy Logic Based Fluffy Built SVPWM Switching” Energies 2020, 13(05), 1259.
157. Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Pranesh Sthapit, Miheung Choe, Kiseon Kim, “Energy Analysis on Localization Free Routing Protocols in UWSNs” International Journal of Computational Intelligence System, Atlantis Press, Vol.12, Issue 2, pp. 1526-1536, 2019.
158. S. Sudhakar and S.Chenthur Pandian “Secure Packet Encryption and Key Exchange System in Mobile Ad hoc Nerwork”, Journal of Computer Science, Vol.8, No. 6, pp : 908-912, 2012, DOI:10.3844/jcssp.2012.908.912.
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160. N. Keerthana, Viji Vinod and S. Sudhakar, “A Novel Method for Multi-Dimensional Cluster to Identify the Malicious Users on Online Social Networks”, Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 15, No. 6, pp: 4107-4122, 2020.
161. A. U. Priyadarshni and S. Sudhakar, “Cluster Based Certificate Revocation by Cluster Head in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network”, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol. 10, No. 20, pp. 16014-16018, 2015.
162. S. Sudhakar and S. Chenthur Pandian, “Investigation of Attribute Aided Data Aggregation Over Dynamic Routing in Wireless Sensor,” Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol.10, No.11, pp:1465–1476, 2015.
163. S. Sudhakar and S. Chenthur Pandian, “Trustworthy Position Based Routing to Mitigate against the Malicious Attacks to Signifies Secured Data Packet using Geographic Routing Protocol in MANET”, WSEAS Transactions on Communications, Vol. 12, No. 11, pp:584- 603, 2013.
164. S. Sudhakar and S. Chenthur Pandian, “A Trust and Co-Operative Nodes with Affects of Malicious Attacks and Measure the Performance Degradation on Geographic Aided Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Network”, Life Science Journal, Vol. 10, No. (4s), pp:158-163, 2013.
165. S. Sudhakar and S. Chenthur Pandian, “An Efficient Agent-Based Intrusion Detection System for Detecting Malicious Nodes in MANET Routing”, International Review on Computers and Software, Vol.7, No.6, pp.3037-304,2012.
166. S. Sudhakar and S. Chenthur Pandian, “Authorized Node Detection and Accuracy in Position-Based Information for MANET”, European Journal of Scientific Research, Vol.70, No.2, pp.253-265,2012.
167. K. Ganesh Kumar and S. Sudhakar, Improved Network Traffic by Attacking Denial of Service to Protect Resource Using Z-Test Based 4-Tier Geomark Traceback (Z4TGT),Wireless Personal Communications, Vol.114, No. 4, pp:3541–3575, 2020,
168. Aakanksha Singhal and D.K. Sharma, “Seven Divergence Measures by CDF of fitting in Exponential and Normal Distributions of COVID-19 Data”, Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Vol.32(3), pp. 1212 - 1222, 2021.
169. D.K. Sharma and Haldhar Sharma, “A Study of Trend Growth Rate of Confirmed cases, Death cases and Recovery cases in view of Covid-19 of Top Five States of India”, Solid State Technology, Vol.64(2), pp. 4526-4541, 2021.
170. D.K. Sharma, “Information Measure Computation and its Impact in MI COCO Dataset”, IEEE Conference Proceedings, 7th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS), Vol.1, pp. 2011-2014, 2021.
171. Aakanksha Singhal and D.K. Sharma, “Keyword extraction using Renyi entropy: a statistical and domain independent method”, IEEE Conference Proceedings, 7th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS), Vol.1, pp. 1970-1975, 2021.
172. Aakanksha Singhal and D.K. Sharma, “Generalization of F-Divergence Measures for Probability Distributions with Associated Utilities”, Solid State Technology, Vol.64(2), pp. 5525-5531, 2021.
173. Aakanksha Singhal and D.K. Sharma, “A Study of before and after Lockdown Situation of 10 Countries through Visualization of Data along With Entropy Analysis of Top Three Countries”, International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking, Vol.14(1), pp. 496-525, 2021.
174. Aakanksha Singhal and D.K. Sharma, “Generalized ‘Useful’ Rényi & Tsallis Information Measures, Some Discussions with Application to Rainfall Data", International Journal of Grid and Distributed Computing, Vol. 13(2), pp. 681-688, 2020.
175. Reetu Kumari and D. K. Sharma, “Generalized `Useful non-symmetric divergence measures and Inequalities", Journal of Mathematical Inequalities, Vol. 13(2), pp. 451-466, 2019.
176. D.S. Hooda and D.K. Sharma, “On Characterization of Joint and Conditional Exponential Survival Entropies", International Journal of Statistics and Reliability Engineering, Vol. 6(1), pp. 29-36, 2019.
177. Reetu Kumari and D. K. Sharma, “Generalized `Useful' AG and `Useful' JS-Divergence Measures and their Bounds", International Journal of Engineering, Science and Mathematics, Vol. 7 (1), pp. 441-450, 2018.
178. D.S. Hooda, Reetu Kumari and D. K. Sharma, “Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Set Theory and Its Application in Medical Diagnosis”, International Journal of Statistics in Medical Research, Vol. 7, pp. 70-76, 2018.
179. D.K. Sharma and Sonali Saxena, “Generalized Coding Theorem with Different Source Coding Schemes”, International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication, Vol. 5(6), pp. 253 – 257, 2017.
180. A.K. Gupta, Y. K. Chauhan, and T Maity, “Experimental investigations and comparison of various MPPT techniques for photovoltaic system,” Sādhanā, Vol. 43, no. 8, pp.1-15, 2018.
181. A.K. Gupta, “Sun Irradiance Trappers for Solar PV Module to Operate on Maximum Power: An Experimental Study,” Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, Vol. 12, no.5, pp.1112-1121, 2021.
182. A.K. Gupta, Y.K Chauhan, and T Maity and R Nanda, “Study of Solar PV Panel Under Partial Vacuum Conditions: A Step Towards Performance Improvement,” IETE Journal of Research, pp.1-8, 2020.
183. A.K. Gupta, Y.K Chauhan, and T Maity, “A new gamma scaling maximum power point tracking method for solar photovoltaic panel Feeding energy storage system,” IETE Journal of Research, vol.67, no.1, pp.1-21, 2018.
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Published
2022-06-18
How to Cite
Angeline, R., S, S., & Divakar, A. (2022). Segmentation of White Blood Cells with Colour Space Transformation and use of Transfer Learning for Optimization. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 3(3), 595-619. https://doi.org/10.17605/cajmns.v3i3.829
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Articles