Ecological-geochemical research Urgut tobacco
Abstract
The work carried out the results of an ecological and geochemical study of Urgut tobacco. It was found that Urgut tobacco is markedly enriched in Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb, as well as As, Sb and Hg, which is due to the geochemical specificity of the studied area, which belongs to the antimony-mercury geochemical province. Tobacco selectively accumulates Zn, As, Mo, Pb, Li from soil, which have the highest biological absorption coefficients out of 16 studied trace elements. The synergism of the action of Mn, Mo and I2 on the assimilation of B and Li was noted. It was revealed that the leaves of tobacco grown near highways are characterized by an increased content of Zn, Cd and Pb, and the effect of transport emissions spreads to 30 m on both sides of the road. Of the eight types of trace elements (Li, B, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, I) tested against the background of N120P90K60, B and Mn turned out to be the most effective both in terms of their effect on biometric indicators of tobacco growth and development, and its yield and commercial grade. The effect of microelements on the yield of raw tobacco and its commercial grade differs in terms of breaking time. Plants experience the maximum need for microelements during the formation of the largest assimilation surface during the formation and maturation of leaves of the middle tiers. The introduction of microfertilizers during this period gives the maximum effect. The amount of a number of trace elements entering the environment with the smoke of Urgut tobacco can, when smoking 100 cigarettes, significantly exceed the daily MPC for indoor air.
References
Urgut tobacco is markedly enriched with manganese, nickel, zinc, lead, as well as arsenic, antimony and mercury, which is due to the geochemical specificity of the studied area, which belongs to the antimony-mercury geochemical province. Tobacco selectively accumulates zinc, arsenic, molybdenum, lead, lithium from the soil, which have the highest biological absorption coefficients out of 16 studied trace elements.
The interaction between individual microelements in a tobacco plant in most cases has the character of physiological antagonism, which is explained, apparently, by the existence of common transport systems for elements with close ionic radii or electronegativity, as, for example, in transition metals. The synergism of the action of manganese, molybdenum and iodine on the assimilation of boron and lithium was also noted.
Leaves of tobacco grown near highways are characterized by a high content of zinc, cadmium and lead, and the effect of transport emissions extends to 30 m and both sides of the road. In this regard, tobacco plantations should not be close to the highway and must be protected by plantings of other crops.
Of the eight types of trace elements (Li, B, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, I) tested against the background of N120P90K60, boron and manganese turned out to be the most effective both in terms of their influence on biometric indicators of tobacco growth and development, as well as and on its yield and commercial grade with an economic effect of 7.8 thousand rubles / ha. A slightly lesser effect was obtained from the addition of molybdenum and iodine.
The effect of microelements on the yield of raw tobacco and its commercial grade differs in terms of breaking time. Plants experience the maximum need for microelements during the formation of the largest assimilation surface during the formation and maturation of leaves of the middle tiers. The introduction of microfertilizers during this period gives the maximum effect.
The amount of a number of trace elements entering the environment with the smoke of Urgut tobacco can, when smoking 100 cigarettes, significantly exceed the daily MPC for indoor air. This is of no small importance for its toxicological assessment, since nickel carbonyl, vanadium, chromium, arsenic, antimony and mercury are considered toxic and potentially carcinogenic substances. Features of biochemical indicators of the quality of tobacco and tobacco smoke must be taken into account when blending Urgut tobacco with other types of raw tobacco.
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