Evaluation of Thyroid Hormone Levels in Women after Total Thyroidectomy for Thyroid Cancer
Keywords:
Thyroid cancer, Total thyroidectomy, Thyroid hormones, T3, T4, TSH, Hypothyroidism
Abstract
Thyroid cancer often necessitates total thyroidectomy, a procedure that significantly alters thyroid hormone levels and can lead to hypothyroidism if not properly managed.This study aimed to evaluate thyroid hormone levels in patients who have undergone total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer, compared to healthy individuals, to understand the physiological effects of the surgery. A total of 100 participants aged 25 to 45 from Dhi Qar Province were enrolled and evenly divided into two groups: patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy (Group A) and healthy controls. After a 12-hour fast, blood samples were collected, and serum levels of T3, T4, and TSH were measured using ELISA kits. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and the LSD test, with significance set at P < 0.05. Group A showed significantly lower levels of T3 (0.47 ± 0.10 ng/ml) and T4 (88.11 ± 8.73 nmol/l) compared to the control group (T3: 1.23 ± 0.27 ng/ml; T4: 115.69 ± 15.75 nmol/l). Conversely, TSH levels were markedly higher in Group A (8.27 ± 1.03 µIU/ml) than in the control group, indicating postoperative hypothyroidism. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).
References
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[2] Sijin, M. G. (2025). The Single Lateral Incision Total Thyroidectomy (SLITT): Revolutionizing Thyroidectomy–A Pilot Study. Journal of Contemporary Clinical Practice, 11, 1-10.
[3] Liu, Y. T., Fan, B. Q., He, J. F., Zhou, Y., Wu, S. S., Wang, S. R., ... & Yu, M. A. (2025). The preliminary multicenter retrospective study on the efficacy and safety of thermal ablation for follicular thyroid neoplasms≤ 3 cm. Discover Oncology, 16(1), 219.
[4] Taylor, G. A., Green, R. L., Raman, S., Kling, S. M., Fagenson, A. M., Zhao, H., & Kuo, L. E. (2025). Safety of thyroidectomy in hospitalized patients: A descriptive analysis of the NSQIP thyroidectomy-targeted data. The American Journal of Surgery, 240, 115854.
[5] Tang, L., & Angell, T. E. (2025, March). Thyroid cancer. In Seminars in Perinatology (Vol. 49, No. 2, p. 152042). WB Saunders.
[6] Cece, A., Agresti, M., De Falco, N., Sperlongano, P., Moccia, G., Luongo, P., ... & Parmeggiani, D. (2025). Role of Artificial Intelligence in Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis. Journal of clinical medicine, 14(7), 2422.
[7] Brito, J. P., Herrin, J., Swarna, K. S., Ospina, N. M. S., Montori, V. M., Toro-Tobon, D., ... & McCoy, R. G. (2025). GLP-1RA use and thyroid cancer risk. JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 151(3), 243-252.
[8] Jia, M., Liang, J., Gao, L., Wei, N., Qin, Y., Li, Q., ... & Lu, X. (2025). Navigating thyroid cancer complexity: the emerging role of EV-derived non-coding RNAs. Cell Death Discovery, 11(1), 142.
[9] Jia, M., Liang, J., Gao, L., Wei, N., Qin, Y., Li, Q., ... & Lu, X. (2025). Navigating thyroid cancer complexity: the emerging role of EV-derived non-coding RNAs. Cell Death Discovery, 11(1), 142.
[10] Liao, T., Zeng, Y., Xu, W., Shi, X., Shen, C., Du, Y., ... & Wei, W. (2025). A spatially resolved transcriptome landscape during thyroid cancer progression. Cell Reports Medicine, 6(4).
[11] Deziel, N. C., Wang, R., Warren, J. L., Dinauer, C., Ogilvie, J., Clark, C. J., ... & Ma, X. (2025). Perinatal Exposures to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter and Outdoor Artificial Light at Night and Risk of Pediatric Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Environmental Health Perspectives, 133(5), 057026.
[12] Anggraini, D., & Fharel, M. (2025). Peran Thyroid Stimulating Hormone pada Bayi Baru Lahir. Scientific Journal, 4(1), 23-29.
[13] Dilshodovna, A. M., & Singh, S. (2025). THYROID DISORDERS AND PREGNANCY. Web of Medicine: Journal of Medicine, Practice and Nursing, 3(4), 295-303.
[14] Priyanto, H., Aulia, F. A., Kahar, H., Faizi, M., Marpaung, F. R., & Aryati, A. (2025). Neonatal Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Reference Intervals in Multi-Ethnics Population. Children, 12(1), 104.
[15] Giovanella, L. (2025). Reconciling reference ranges and clinical decision limits: the case of thyroid stimulating hormone. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM).
[16] Giovanella, L. (2025). Reconciling reference ranges and clinical decision limits: the case of thyroid stimulating hormone. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM).
[17] Díaz Vico, T., Martínez-Amores Martínez, B., Mihic Góngora, L., Jiménez-Fonseca, P., Peinado Martín, P., Grao Torrente, I., ... & Durán-Poveda, M. (2025). Systemic Therapeutic Options in Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Current Indications and Optimal Timing. Cancers, 17(11), 1800.
[18] He, Z., Wang, C., Liu, C., Zhang, K., Wang, J., Wang, X., ... & Chen, L. (2025). Limited value of genetic profiling in guiding radioiodine therapy for metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocrine-Related Cancer, 32(5).
[19] Wang, J., Yang, L., Du, S., Pan, Y., Zhao, L., Li, H., ... & Ke, T. (2025). Correlation between thyroid hormone levels and the incidence and staging of bladder cancer. European Journal of Medical Research, 30(1), 211.
[20] Cadena-Ullauri, S., Guevara-Ramírez, P., Paz-Cruz, E., Ruiz-Pozo, V. A., Tamayo-Trujillo, R., & Zambrano, A. K. (2025). Microbiota dysbiosis impact on the metabolism of T3 and T4 hormones and its association with thyroid cancer. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 13, 1589726.
[21] Celik, S. U., & Konca, C. (2023). Body composition changes following total thyroidectomy: a one-year follow-up study. Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición, 70(1), 14-20.
[22] Hemmati, M., Tabesh, H., Peyghambari, A., & Bazrafshan, H. (2023). In silico dose adjustment of levothyroxine after total thyroidectomy using fuzzy logic methodology: A proof-of-concept study. Heliyon, e12797.
[23] Lee, S. J., Ryu, S. R., Ji, Y. B., Song, C. M., Park, J. H., Kim, D. S., & Tae, K. (2023). Five-Year Oncologic Outcome and Surgical Completeness of Transoral Robotic Thyroidectomy for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Comparison with Conventional Transcervical Thyroidectomy Using Propensity Score Matching. Annals of Surgical Oncology, 1-9.
[24] Le Moli, R., Malandrino, P., Russo, M., Tumino, D., Piticchio, T., Naselli, A., ... & Frasca, F. (2023). Levothyroxine therapy, calculated deiodinases activity and basal metabolic rate in obese or nonobese patients after total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer, results of a retrospective observational study. Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, e406.
[25] Efremidou, E. I., Papageorgiou, M. S., Liratzopoulos, N., & Manolas, K. J. (2009). The efficacy and safety of total thyroidectomy in the management of benign thyroid disease: a review of 932 cases. Canadian Journal of Surgery, 52(1), 39.
[26] Azadbakht, E. S. (2021). The Many Faces of Instruction: An Exploration of Academic Librarians' Teaching Personas. Communications in Information Literacy, 15(1), 57-74.
[27] Kim, J., & Seib, C. D. (2023). Operative Management of Thyroid Disease in Older Adults. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 7(7), bvad070.
[28] Vaiman, M., Nagibin, A., Hagag, P., Buyankin, A., Olevson, J., & Shlamkovich, N. (2008). Subtotal and near total versus total thyroidectomy for the management of multinodular goiter. World journal of surgery, 32, 1546-1551.
[29] Kristensen, L. S., Jakobsen, T., Hager, H., & Kjems, J. (2022). The emerging roles of circRNAs in cancer and oncology. Nature reviews Clinical oncology, 19(3), 188-206.
[30] Tebyanian, M., & Pazokian, M. (2022). Investigating the Predictive Factors of Hypoparathyroidism after Thyroidectomy: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Medical Reviews, 9(3), 298-305.
[31] Kristensen, T. T., Larsen, J., Pedersen, P. L., Feldthusen, A. D., Ellervik, C., Jelstrup, S., & Kvetny, J 2022. Clinical Study Weight Gain and Serum TSH Increase within the Reference Range after Hemithyroidectomy Indicate Lowered Thyroid Function.
[32] Mohamed Kotb, M. B., Hemdan, A. M. G., & Ayoub, M. T. (2022). Thyroid autotransplantation after total thyroidectomy in benign thyroid diseases. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 89(1), 5544-5549.
[33] Kim, J., & Seib, C. D. (2023). Operative Management of Thyroid Disease in Older Adults. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 7(7), bvad070.
[34] Adly, O. A., El-Sayed, M. A., Ibrahim, M. S., & Shalaby, A. R. (2023). Functional Capacity and Outcome of Auto-transplantation of Thyroid Gland Tissue after Total Thyroidectomy for Benign Thyroid Disease. Suez Canal University Medical Journal, 26(4), 0-0.
Published
2025-07-07
How to Cite
Dakhil, K. A., Dikain, K. H., Hassan, A. K., & Humadde, H. S. (2025). Evaluation of Thyroid Hormone Levels in Women after Total Thyroidectomy for Thyroid Cancer. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 6(4), 1470-1478. https://doi.org/10.17605/cajmns.v6i4.2859
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Kareema A. Dakhil
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
