Prevention and Health Education Strategies for Hepatitis in Children: A Nursing Perspective’s

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major global cause of acute and chronic hepatitis, transmitted through body fluids and from mother to child during childbirth. Despite the availability of vaccines, HBV remains a public health concern in some regions due to its potential complications such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. This study aimed to assess nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding HBV prevention and explore the relationship between these aspects and their demographic characteristics. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the pediatric wards of teaching hospitals in Najaf Governorate, including Al Zahraa Teaching Hospital, from September 9th, 2024, to February 2nd, 2025. A purposive sample of 99 pediatric nurses participated. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire in Arabic, comprising three parts: socio-demographic data (9 items), knowledge of HBV (22 items across 3 sections), and attitudes toward HBV (10 items). Results showed that nurses' knowledge of HBV and its clinical manifestations was generally poor, although understanding of transmission, diagnosis, and treatment was acceptable. Knowledge regarding prevention reflected a positive outlook. However, attitudes toward HBV infection and prevention were uncertain. Significant relationships were found between knowledge and demographic factors such as age and years of experience, as well as between attitudes and prior training. The study concluded that most participants were aged 21–26 and lacked prior education on HBV prevention. It recommends enhancing continuous education and training, particularly on HBV transmission, clinical signs, and treatment. Visual reminders such as posters near nurses' stations are also advised to reinforce awareness and preventive practices.