The Effect of Myrtle Plant Extract Nanoemulsions on the Efficacy of Antibiotics Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Dhulfiqar Abdul Hussein Baqer  Alkhawga

doi:10.17605/cajmns.v6i3.2793

Dhulfiqar Abdul Hussein Baqer Alkhawga Islamic Azad university, Iran, Science and research branch, Faculty of sciences, department of microbiology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/cajmns.v6i3.2793

Keywords: Myrtle (Myrtus communis), Nanoemulsion, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Antibiotic synergy

Abstract

The increase of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa germs has made it important to find new ways to make antibiotics work better. Plant-based compounds, especially tiny mixtures of active plant extracts, have shown good potential to fight germs. This study looks at how myrtle plant extract, made into tiny droplets, helps boost the antibacterial power of certain antibiotics against a bacteria called P. Aeruginosa is a type of bacteria. Myrtle extract was made into a tiny oil mixture using sound waves. The tiny oil droplets in the nanoemulsion were studied using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential analysis to understand their physical and chemical properties. We tested how well the antibacterial properties worked using two methods: agar well diffusion and broth microdilution. We did this both with and without antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and imipenem). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) were used to check how well different substances work together. The myrtle nanoemulsion had an average particle size of about 85 nanometers with a zeta potential of -32 millivolts, showing that it is stable. The nanoemulsion showed some ability to kill bacteria against P. aeruginosa (area where growth is stopped: 11–14 mm). When used together with antibiotics, there was a big improvement in how well it fought germs. Notably, when paired with ciprofloxacin, the FICI was 0. 38, showing that they worked better together. The amounts of antibiotics needed to work were lowered by 2 to 4 times when the nanoemulsion was added. These results indicate that the nanoemulsion might break down bacterial membranes or help antibiotics get into bacteria better.

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