Effects of Phosphate Fertilizers Management and Soil Texture On Some Growth Indicators and Economic Benefit of Sorghum Crop (Sorghum bicolor L.)

Osama Abdul-Rahman  Owied

doi:10.17605/cajmns.v6i1.2716

Osama Abdul-Rahman Owied Medicine Collage, University of Sumer, Thi-Qar, Iraq

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/cajmns.v6i1.2716

Keywords: economic benefits, phosphorus accumulation, pot experiment, sandy loam, sorghum

Abstract

Sorghum is vital for Iraqi smallholder farmers and national food security. This study examined the impact of phosphate fertilizer levels and soil texture on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) growth and economic returns. A pot experiment was conducted in Shatrah, Thi Qar Governorate, Iraq, during the 2022–2023 season used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Four phosphate levels (0, 50, 100, 135 kg P₂O₅.ha⁻¹) and three soil textures (sandy loam, clay loam, clay) from different locations were tested. Sorghum seeds were planted in March 2023 with irrigation at 50% available water depletion. Experience data was analyzed statistically by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS software. The optimal phosphate level (100 kg P₂O₅.ha⁻¹) significantly increased phosphorus concentration (0.145 g.kg⁻¹) and dry matter (26.08 g.pot⁻¹). Clay loam soil maximized dry matter (24.72 g.pot⁻¹), while sandy loam enhanced phosphorus concentration (0.140 g.kg⁻¹) and root length (28.47 cm). Root length negatively correlated with clay content (r = -0.67). The highest economic return (229.66 $. ha⁻¹) was achieved with 100 kg P₂O₅.ha⁻¹ under clay loam, while 135 kg P₂O₅.ha⁻¹ in clay soil had the lowest (3.70 $. ha⁻¹). Effective soil fertility management, tailored to soil texture, is essential not only for environmental protection , but also for boosting agricultural production .This study was carried out to determine the dose of phosphate fertilizers under different soil textures that would promote good availability that would promote good phosphate availability in soil solution to produce the best yield, economic profitability of sorghum fodder and introducing better fertilization practices among farmers in their agricultural investments.

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