Does Every Diabetic Patient Have Obesity? or Does Every Obese Necessarily Have Diabetes?
Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus, obesity, diabetes, glucose level, life style, genetics
Abstract
This study explores the relationship between diabetes mellitus and obesity, we try to answer the popular question “Does every diabetic patient have obesity, or does every obese individual develop diabetes?" the data on the chart is collected from different countries worldwide, the research highlights different regions where diabetes and obesity are prevalence. The result show that high diabetes prevalence does not always correlate with high obesity rates, as seen in Pakistan, where genetic predispositions play a critical role. Conversely, countries like American Samoa exhibit high rates of both conditions due to dietary habits and sedentary lifestyles. The study underscores the impact of genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors in shaping the global diabetes-obesity landscape. Ultimately, the study show that the importance of balanced diets, physical activity, and effective healthcare systems in mitigating the dual burden of diabetes and obesity.
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27. Resources | IDF Diabetes Atlas. (n.d.). Copyright © IDF Diabetes Atlas 2024. All Rights Reserved. https://diabetesatlas.org/resources/?gad_source=1&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIvajP7NnIigMVWZeDBx0inTcWEAAYASAAEgK74PD_BwE
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2. Macronutrients in Health and Disease. (2020). In Barnard, N. D. (Ed.), Nutrition Guide for Clinicians (3rd ed.). Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. https://nutritionguide.pcrm.org/nutritionguide/view/Nutrition_Guide_for_Clinicians/1342092/all/Macronutrients_in_Health_and_Disease
3. Diabetes - Symptoms and causes. (n.d.). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20371444#:~:text=Diabetes%20mellitus%20refers%20to%20a%20group%20of%20diseases,The%20main%20cause%20of%20diabetes%20varies%20by%20type.
4. Valensi, P., Paries, J., Attali, J. R., & for Research, F. G. (2003). Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients: influence of diabetes duration, obesity, and microangiopathic complications—the French multicenter study. Metabolism, 52(7), 815-820.
5. Insulin Resistance and Diabetes | ADA. (n.d.). https://diabetes.org/health-wellness/insulin-resistance#:~:text=It's%20not%20clear%2C%20but%20some,body%20to%20become%20insulin%20resistant.\
6. Roep, B. O., Thomaidou, S., van Tienhoven, R., & Zaldumbide, A. (2021). Type 1 diabetes mellitus as a disease of the β-cell (do not blame the immune system?). Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 17(3), 150–161. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-020-00443-4
7. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of type 2 diabetes1,2,3Willett, Walter et al.The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 76, Issue 1, 274S - 280S
8. Sami, W., Ansari, T., Butt, N. S., & Hamid, M. R. A. (2017). Effect of diet on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review. International journal of health sciences, 11(2), 65–71.
9. Grant, B., Sandelson, M., Agyemang-Prempeh, B., & Zalin, A. (2021). Managing obesity in people with type 2 diabetes. Clinical medicine (London, England), 21(4), e327–e231. https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2021-0370.
10. Fallabel, C. (2023b, June 19). Does obesity cause diabetes? Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/diabetes/does-obesity-cause-diabetes
11. Barnes A. S. (2011). The epidemic of obesity and diabetes: trends and treatments. Texas Heart Institute journal, 38(2), 142–144.
12. Knowler, W. C., Barrett-Connor, E., Fowler, S. E., Hamman, R. F., Lachin, J. M., Walker, E. A., & Nathan, D. M. (2002). Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes with Lifestyle Intervention or Metformin. New England Journal of Medicine, 346(6), 393–403. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa012512
13. International Diabetes Federation. (2024, May 7). Diabetes Facts and Figures | International Diabetes Federation. https://idf.org/about-diabetes/diabetes-facts-figures/
14. Ranking (% obesity by country). (n.d.). World Obesity Federation Global Obesity Observatory. https://data.worldobesity.org/rankings
15. Fleck, A. (2024, November 14). Obesity rates around the world. Statista Daily Data. https://www.statista.com/chart/20057/obesity-rates-eu/
16. Narayan, K. M. V., & Kanaya, A. M. (2020). Why are South Asians prone to type 2 diabetes? A hypothesis based on underexplored pathways. Diabetologia, 63(6), 1103–1109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-020-05132-5
17. Laar, R. A., Shi, S., Ashraf, M. A., Khan, M. N., Bibi, J., & Liu, Y. (2020). Impact of Physical Activity on Challenging Obesity in Pakistan: A Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) Study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(21), 7802. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217802
18. Shah, A., & Kanaya, A. M. (2014). Diabetes and associated complications in the South Asian population. Current cardiology reports, 16(5), 476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-014-0476-5
19. Issaka, A., Stevenson, C., Paradies, Y., Houehanou, Y. C. N., Bosu, W. K., Kiwallo, J. B., Wesseh, C. S., Houinato, D. S., Nazoum, D. J. P., & Cameron, A. J. (2023). Association between urban-rural location and prevalence of type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in West Africa: a cross-sectional population-based epidemiological study. BMJ open, 13(9), e063318. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063318.
20. Hillyer, G. (2022). “Back to the future” for Samoan Food. In Food Studies Press eBooks. https://doi.org/10.22215/fsmmm/hg21
21. McLennan, A. K., & Ulijaszek, S. J. (2015). Obesity emergence in the Pacific islands: why understanding colonial history and social change is important. Public health nutrition, 18(8), 1499–1505. https://doi.org/10.1017/S136898001400175X
22. Eme, P. E., Burlingame, B., Kim, N. D., Foliaki, S., Wham, C., & Douwes, J. (2020). Obesity measures in the Kiribati population: a need to reclassify body mass index cut-points. BMC Public Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09217-z
23. Clemente-Suárez, V. J., Beltrán-Velasco, A. I., Redondo-Flórez, L., Martín-Rodríguez, A., & Tornero-Aguilera, J. F. (2023). Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 15(12), 2749. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15122749
24. Magliano, D. J., Söderberg, S., Zimmet, P. Z., Chen, L., Joonas, N., Kowlessur, S., Larhubarbe, J., Gaoneadry, D., Pauvaday, V., Tuomilehto, J., Alberti, K. G., & Shaw, J. E. (2012). Explaining the increase of diabetes prevalence and plasma glucose in Mauritius. Diabetes care, 35(1), 87–91. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-0886
25. Mauritian food – Mauritius Now. (n.d.). https://mauritiusnow.com/blog/things-to-do/mauritian-food/
26. Galanis, D. J., McGarvey, S. T., Quested, C., Sio, B., & Afele-Fa'amuli, S. A. (1999). Dietary intake of modernizing Samoans: implications for risk of cardiovascular disease. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 99(2), 184–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(99)00044-9
27. Resources | IDF Diabetes Atlas. (n.d.). Copyright © IDF Diabetes Atlas 2024. All Rights Reserved. https://diabetesatlas.org/resources/?gad_source=1&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIvajP7NnIigMVWZeDBx0inTcWEAAYASAAEgK74PD_BwE
28. Yuan, H., Li, X., Wan, G., Sun, L., Zhu, X., Che, F., & Yang, Z. (2017). Type 2 diabetes epidemic in East Asia: a 35-year systematic trend analysis. Oncotarget, 9(6), 6718–6727. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.22961
29. Seiglie, J. A., Marcus, M. E., Ebert, C., Prodromidis, N., Geldsetzer, P., Theilmann, M., Agoudavi, K., Andall-Brereton, G., Aryal, K. K., Bicaba, B. W., Bovet, P., Brian, G., Dorobantu, M., Gathecha, G., Gurung, M. S., Guwatudde, D., Msaidié, M., Houehanou, C., Houinato, D., Jorgensen, J. M. A., … Manne-Goehler, J. (2020). Diabetes Prevalence and Its Relationship With Education, Wealth, and BMI in 29 Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Diabetes care, 43(4), 767–775. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-1782
Published
2025-01-17
How to Cite
Israa M Ali Alameen, Hayat.k. Salman, Fatma Abbas Aoda, & Ali Kanaan Sulaiman. (2025). Does Every Diabetic Patient Have Obesity? or Does Every Obese Necessarily Have Diabetes?. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 6(1), 337-. Retrieved from https://cajmns.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJMNS/article/view/2702
Section
Articles
