Evaluation of Oxidative Indicators and Sex Parameters for Male Rats Exposed To Cadmium Chloride and Lead Acetate
Keywords:
Oxidative indicators, Sex parameters, Cadmium chloride, Lead acetate.
Abstract
The study included 36 male Wistar rats aged between (90-110 days) and weighing between (200-260 grams). They were randomly divided into 6 groups, with each group consisting of 6 males. The first group served as the control group, administered regular water. The second group was treated with cadmium chloride at a dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight. The third group was administered cadmium chloride at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight. The fourth group received lead acetate at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight. The fifth group was given lead acetate at a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight. The sixth group was treated with 5 mg/kg of cadmium chloride and 50 mg/kg of lead acetate. The treatment lasted for 30 days. The results showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in oxidative products, particularly Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and a significant decrease in the total antioxidant content in the serum, including Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase Enzyme (CAT), and Glutathione (GSH) compared to the control group. A significant increase (P≤0.05) was also recorded in oxidative stress markers of DNA, specifically Hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosin-8, compared to the control group. Moreover, negative changes in some biochemical and hormonal characteristics of the serum were observed compared to the control group, represented by a significant decrease in sex hormones, particularly the male testosterone hormone. Additionally, the study indicated that treating the animals with different concentrations of cadmium chloride and lead acetate led to negative effects on sperm characteristics. This manifested as a significant decrease in sperm count and its normal form compared to the control group. The treatments resulted in deformities in sperm shape, such as alterations in the head and tail morphology, fusion of the midpiece, tail twisting, and occasionally tail breakage.
References
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Tamayo y Ortiz, M.; Téllez-Rojo, M.M.; Hu, H.; Hernandez-Avila, M.; Wright, R.; Amarasiriwardena, C.; Lupoli,. (2016) Lead in candy consumed and blood lead levels of children living in Mexico City. Environ. Res., 147, 497–502
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Wang, W., Liu, G., Jiang, X., & Wu, G. (2021). Resveratrol ameliorates toxic effects of cadmium on placental development in mouse placenta and human trophoblast cells. Birth Defects Research, 113(20), 1470-1483.
Yan, L. J., & Allen, D. C. (2021). Cadmium-induced kidney injury: Oxidative damage as a unifying mechanism. Biomolecules, 11(11), 1575.
Zhang, C ; Bruins, M. E ; Yang, Z. Q ; Liu, S. T., and Rao, P. F. (2016). A new formula to calculate activity of superoxide dismutase in indirect assays. Analytical biochemistry, 503, 65-67.
Zhao, Z. M., Mei, S., Zheng, Q. Y., Wang, J., Yin, Y. R., Zhang, J. J., & Wang, X. Z. (2023). Melatonin or vitamin C attenuates lead acetate-induced testicular oxidative and inflammatory damage in mice by inhibiting oxidative stress mediated NF-κB signaling. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 264, 115481.
Zhou, G. X., Zhu, H. L., Shi, X. T., Nan, Y., Liu, W. B., Dai, L. M., ... & Wang, H. (2021). Autophagy in Sertoli cell protects against environmental cadmium-induced germ cell apoptosis in mouse testes. Environmental Pollution, 270, 116241.
Zhou, J., Zeng, L., Zhang, Y., Wang, M., Li, Y., Jia, Y., ... & Su, P. (2022). Cadmium exposure induces pyroptosis in testicular tissue by increasing oxidative stress and activating the AIM2 inflammasome pathway. Science of The Total Environment, 847, 157500.
Zhou, J., Zhang, Y., Zeng, L., Wang, X., Mu, H., Wang, M., ... & Su, P. (2022). Paternal cadmium exposure affects testosterone synthesis by reducing the testicular cholesterol pool in offspring mice. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 242, 113947.
Akbarpour, S. F., Sadri, F., & Golalizadeh, D. (2012). Phytoremediation of heavy metal (Lead, Zinc and Cadmium) from polluted soils by Arasbaran protected area native plants.
Allouche-Fitoussi, D., & Breitbart, H. (2020). The role of zinc in male fertility. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(20), 7796.
Al-Safar, Hala Abdul Hadi Saleh (2005). Study of Chemohematological and Physiological Variables in the Blood of Workers in the Industrial Sector Exposed to Lead. Master's Thesis, College of Science, University of Mosul, Iraq.
Bamgbose ; O, Opeolu .B, O and Bamgbose, J.T.,(2007). Levels of Cadmium, Lead and Zinc in Uriane of Randomly Selected Smokers and Non- Smokers Residents of Abeokuta City, Nigeria . Research Journal of Alied Sciences 2(2): 192-197.
Bentaiba, K., Belhocine, M., Chougrani, F., Bououdina, M., Mostari, A., Fernini, M., & Bouzouina, M. (2023). Effectiveness of Withania frutescens root extract on testicular damage induced by lead acetate in adult albino rats. Reproductive Toxicology, 115, 102-110.
Dharmadasa, P., Kim, N., & Thunders, M. (2017). Maternal cadmium exposure and impact on foetal gene expression through methylation changes. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 109, 714-720.
Edwards, M. (2014). Fetal death and reduced birth rates associated with exposure to lead-contaminated drinking water. Environmental science & technology, 48(1), 739-746.
Elhemiely, A. A., Yahia, R., & Gad, A. M. (2023). Naringenin alleviate reproductive toxicity evoked by lead acetate via attenuation of sperm profile and biochemical alterations in male Wistar rat: Involvement of TGFβ/AKT/mTOR pathway. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, e23335.
El-Sherbiny, H. R., Abdelnaby, E. A., El-Shahat, K. H., Salem, N. Y., Ramadan, E. S., Yehia, S. G., & Fathi, M. (2022). Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation enhances testicular volume and hemodynamics, reproductive hormones, sperm quality, and seminal antioxidant capacity in goat bucks under summer hot humid conditions. Veterinary Research Communications, 46(4), 1245-1257.
Eyeghre, O. A., Ezeokafor, E. N., Dike, C. C., Oparaji, K. C., Amadi, C. S., Chukwuma, C. C., ... & Muorah, C. O. (2023). The Impact of Annona Muricata on Semen Quality and Antioxidants Levels in Alcohol-Induced Testicular Dysfunction in Male Wistar Rats.
Geng, H. X., & Wang, L. (2019). Cadmium: Toxic effects on placental and embryonic development. Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 67, 102-107.
Guidet , B .; and Shah , S. (1989) " Am . J. phsiol " . 257( 26 ) :440.
Hadwan , M. H., and kadhum Ali, S. (2018). New spectrophotometric assay for assessments of catalase activity in biological samples. Analytical biochemistry, 542, 29-33.
Ibrahim, N. M., Kandil, A. M., Ali, R. S., Moustafa, M., Sami, H., & Elhemiely, A. A. (2023). Cadmium-Induced Testicular Damage in Rats: Modulatory Role of Stemenhance® Against Oxidative Stress. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology, 15(1), 223-241.
Ileriturk, M., Benzer, F., Aksu, E. H., Yildirim, S., Kandemir, F. M., Dogan, T., ... & Genc, A. (2021). Chrysin protects against testicular toxicity caused by lead acetate in rats with its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 45(2), e13593.
Liu, J., Wang, E., Cheng, Z., Gao, Y., Chen, C., Jia, R., ... & Wang, L. (2023). Zinc alleviates cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity via regulating ion homeostasis, metallothionein expression, and inhibiting mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 262, 115188.
Lovaković, B. T. (2020). Cadmium, arsenic, and lead: elements affecting male reproductive health. Current Opinion in Toxicology, 19, 7-14.
Ommati, M. M., Ahmadi, H. N., Sabouri, S., Retana‐Marquez, S., Abdoli, N., Rashno, S., ... & Heidari, R. (2022). Glycine protects the male reproductive system against lead toxicity via alleviating oxidative stress, preventing sperm mitochondrial impairment, improving kinematics of sperm, and blunting the downregulation of enzymes involved in the steroidogenesis. Environmental Toxicology, 37(12), 2990-3006.
Oyeyemi, W. A., Akinola, A. O., Daramola, O. O. O., Aikpitanyi, I., Durotoluwa, O. T., Alele, P. G. O., ... & Okoro, T. D. (2022). Vitamin E and quercetin attenuated the reproductive toxicity mediated by lead acetate in male Wistar. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 46(1), 22.
Priya, K. K., Thilagam, H., Muthukumar, T., Gopalakrishnan, S., & Govarthanan, M. (2023) . Impact of microfiber pollution on aquatic biota: A critical analysis of effects and preventive measures. Science of The Total Environment, 163984.
Ramadan E , Bilal THA , Idris of , and Abdelrahman SH . (2016) . Nephroprotective effect of methanolic extract petroselinum crispum leaves against induced nephrotoxicity in rats .International Journal Advanced Research , 4(11) : 1482 – 1489 .
Sengupta, P., Dutta, S., & Irez, T. (2024). Oxidants and antioxidants in male reproduction: Roles of oxidative and reductive stress. Journal of Integrated Science and Technology, 12(3), 753-753.
Tamayo y Ortiz, M.; Téllez-Rojo, M.M.; Hu, H.; Hernandez-Avila, M.; Wright, R.; Amarasiriwardena, C.; Lupoli,. (2016) Lead in candy consumed and blood lead levels of children living in Mexico City. Environ. Res., 147, 497–502
Tietz, NW. (1995). Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests. 3rd Ed, Philadelphia, USA: W.B. Saunders Company. pp. 578–580.
Wang, W., Liu, G., Jiang, X., & Wu, G. (2021). Resveratrol ameliorates toxic effects of cadmium on placental development in mouse placenta and human trophoblast cells. Birth Defects Research, 113(20), 1470-1483.
Yan, L. J., & Allen, D. C. (2021). Cadmium-induced kidney injury: Oxidative damage as a unifying mechanism. Biomolecules, 11(11), 1575.
Zhang, C ; Bruins, M. E ; Yang, Z. Q ; Liu, S. T., and Rao, P. F. (2016). A new formula to calculate activity of superoxide dismutase in indirect assays. Analytical biochemistry, 503, 65-67.
Zhao, Z. M., Mei, S., Zheng, Q. Y., Wang, J., Yin, Y. R., Zhang, J. J., & Wang, X. Z. (2023). Melatonin or vitamin C attenuates lead acetate-induced testicular oxidative and inflammatory damage in mice by inhibiting oxidative stress mediated NF-κB signaling. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 264, 115481.
Zhou, G. X., Zhu, H. L., Shi, X. T., Nan, Y., Liu, W. B., Dai, L. M., ... & Wang, H. (2021). Autophagy in Sertoli cell protects against environmental cadmium-induced germ cell apoptosis in mouse testes. Environmental Pollution, 270, 116241.
Zhou, J., Zeng, L., Zhang, Y., Wang, M., Li, Y., Jia, Y., ... & Su, P. (2022). Cadmium exposure induces pyroptosis in testicular tissue by increasing oxidative stress and activating the AIM2 inflammasome pathway. Science of The Total Environment, 847, 157500.
Zhou, J., Zhang, Y., Zeng, L., Wang, X., Mu, H., Wang, M., ... & Su, P. (2022). Paternal cadmium exposure affects testosterone synthesis by reducing the testicular cholesterol pool in offspring mice. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 242, 113947.
Published
2025-01-08
How to Cite
Atea Ahmed, A. S., & Qasim Azeez Razooqi. (2025). Evaluation of Oxidative Indicators and Sex Parameters for Male Rats Exposed To Cadmium Chloride and Lead Acetate. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 6(1), 250-261. Retrieved from https://cajmns.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJMNS/article/view/2692
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Articles
