The Incidence of Some Chronic Diseases and Depression Among Males Smokers in Najaf Governorate/Iraq
Keywords:
Smoking, Depression, Chronic Diseases
Abstract
The relationship between smoking and depression remains provocative. Aim: aimed to explain the relationship between smoking and anxiety or depression. Methods: This research was conducted at the Middle Euphrates Technical University - Technical Institute / Kufa as a questionnaire form was designed to collect random samples. The number of samples was 31 smoking male samples and taking into account the age over the age of 18 years, don’t have any type of cancer, then detecting chronic diseases, as coughing, body pains, headaches, respiratory disorders, and depression. Results: The data were analyzed statistically in percentages, as well as the results showed that there is a high percentage of smokers who have psychological and pulmonary and physical diseases and were the most chronic symptoms are cough, physical pain and headache, as well as we noticed that the results of smokers were devoid of patients with any type of cancer, in addition to that the results of females were neglected because they are free of the smoking factor, and accordingly, chronic diseases and physical pains. Conclusions: Smoking is a behavior that rises the danger of depression, stop smoking is associated with reducing risk of depression incidence.
References
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2. Bjørngaard, J. H. et al. The causal role of smoking in anxiety and depression: a Mendelian randomization analysis of the HUNT study. Psychol. Med. 43, 711–719 (2013).
3. Briggs, F.B.S., Thompson, N.R., Conway, D.S., 2019. Prognostic factors of disability in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord. 30, 9–16. Brown, R.F., Valpiani, E.M., Tennant, C.C., Dunn, S.M., Sharrock, M., Hodgkinson, S., Pollard, J.D., 2009. Longitudinal assessment of anxiety, depression, and fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis. Psychol. Psychother. 82 (Pt 1), 41–56.
4. Bullen, C., C. Howe, M. Laugesen, H. McRobbie, V. Parag, and others. 2013. “Electronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation:A Randomised Controlled Trial.” The Lancet 382 (9905): 1629–37. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61842-5.
5. Cuijpers P, Quero S, Dowrick C, Arroll B. Psychological treatment of depression in primary care: recent developments. Curr Psychiatry Rep. (2019) 21:129. doi: 10.1007/s11920-019-1117-x.
6. Ekmekyapar Firat, Y., Akçalı, A., Geyik, S., Çomruk, G., Cengiz, E., Erten, M., 2021. Relationship of smoking with fatigue and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. Turk. J. Neurol. 17, 289–294.
7. Fluharty, M., Taylor, A.E., Grabski, M., Munafo, M.R., 2017. The association of cigarette smoking with depression and anxiety: a systematic review. Nicotine Tob. Res. 19 (1), 3–13.
8. Gascoyne, C.R., Simpson, S., Chen, J., van der Mei, I., Marck, C.H., 2019. Modifiable factors associated with depression and anxiety in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol. Scand. 140 (3), 204–211.
9. Jha, P., B. Jacob, V. Gajalakshmi, P. C. Gupta, N. Dhingra, and others. 2008. “A Nationally Representative Case-Control Study of Smoking and Death in India.” New England Journal of Medicine 358 (11): 1137–47. doi:NEJMsa0707719 [pii] 10.1056/NEJMsa0707719.
10. Jha, P., P. Mony, J. A. Moore, and W. Zaton´ski. 2009. “Avoidance of World-Wide Vascular Deaths and Total Deaths from Smoking.” In Evidence-Based Cardiology, 3rd ed., edited by S. Yusuf, J. Cairns, A. J. Camm, E. L. Fallen, and B. J. Gersh. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
11. Kahraman, T., Ozdogar, A.T., Abasiyanik, Z., Ozakbas, S., 2021. Associations between smoking and walking, fatigue, depression, and health-related quality of life in persons with multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol. Belg. 121 (5), 1199–1206.
12. Mendelian Randomization Study. PLOS ONE 6, e21689 (2011).
13. Pham, T., Jette, N., Bulloch, A.G.M., Burton, J.M., Wiebe, S., Patten, S.B., 2018. The prevalence of anxiety and associated factors in persons with multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord. 19, 35–39.
14. Rodgers, J., Friede, T., Vonberg, F.W., Constantinescu, C.S., Coles, A., Chataway, J., Duddy, M., Emsley, H., Ford, H., Fisniku, L., Galea, I., Harrower, T., Hobart, J., Huseyin, H., Kipps, C.M., Marta, M., McDonnell, G.V., McLean, B., Pearson, O.R., Rog, D., Schmierer, K., Sharrack, B., Straukiene, A., Wilson, H.C., Ford, D.V., Middleton, R.M., Nicholas, R., 2022. The Impact of Smoking Cessation on Multiple Sclerosis Disease Progression. Brain 145, 1368–1378.
15. Taylor GMJ, Munafo MR. What about treatment of smoking to improve survival and reduce depression Lancet Psychiatry. (2018). 5:464. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30132-9
16. Taylor, A. E. et al. Investigating the possible causal association of smoking with depression and anxiety using Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis: the CARTA consortium. BMJ Open 4, e006141 (2014).
17. Taylor, K.L., Simpson, S., Jelinek, G.A., Neate, S.L., De Livera, A.M., Brown, C.R., O’Kearney, E., Marck, C.H., Weiland, T.J., 2018. Longitudinal associations of modifiable lifestyle factors with positive depression-screen over 2.5-years in an international cohort of people living with multiple sclerosis. Front. Psychiatry 9, 526.
18. Weinberger AH, Kashan RS, Shpigel DM, Esan H, Taha F, Lee CJ, et al. Depression and cigarette smoking behavior: a critical review of population-based studies. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. (2017) 43:416–31. doi: 10.3109/00952990.2016.1171327
19. Whittaker, R., H. Mcrobbie, C. Bullen, R. Borland, A. Rodgers, and others. 2012. “Mobile Phone-Based Interventions for Smoking Cessation.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 11: Cd006611. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006611 .Pub3.
20. Wium-Andersen, M. K., Ørsted, D. D. & Nordestgaard, B. G. Tobacco smoking is causally associated with antipsychotic medication use and schizophrenia, but not with antidepressant medication use or depression. Int. J. Epidemiol. 44, 566–577 (2015).
21. Wootton RE, Richmond RC, Stuijfzand BG, Lawn RB, Sallis HM, Taylor GMJ, et al. Evidence for causal effects of lifetime smoking on risk for depression and schizophrenia: a Mendelian randomisation study. Psychol Med. (2020) 50:2435–43. doi: 10.1017/S0033291719002678
22. Wootton, R. E. et al. Evidence for causal effects of lifetime smoking on risk for depression and schizophrenia: A Mendelian randomisation study. Psychol. Med. 1–9 (2019).
Published
2024-12-11
How to Cite
AL-Huchaimi, S. H. K., Khudhair, A. Y., & Taiban, Z. K. (2024). The Incidence of Some Chronic Diseases and Depression Among Males Smokers in Najaf Governorate/Iraq. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 6(1), 137-141. Retrieved from https://cajmns.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJMNS/article/view/2680
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Articles
