Diabetes and its Impact on Vitamin D Levels Review
Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus, Vitamin D, Vitamin D deficiency
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by impaired insulin secretion or function, remains a significant global health challenge. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of vitamin D in bone health, immune function, and inflammation regulation, with growing interest in its influence on pancreatic insulin secretion and sensitivity. Despite this, the interplay between DM and vitamin D deficiency is not fully understood, particularly regarding its impact on type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the relationship between DM and vitamin D, exploring how DM affects vitamin D levels and how vitamin D deficiency may exacerbate diabetes progression. A comprehensive review of existing studies reveals that vitamin D deficiency impairs insulin secretion and sensitivity, contributing to worsened glycemic control in both types of DM. These findings underscore the potential of vitamin D as a therapeutic target for improving diabetes management and warrant further investigation to establish effective intervention strategies.
References
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[3] U. Alam, O. Asghar, S. Azmi, and R. A. Malik, "General Aspects of Diabetes Mellitus," Handbook of Clinical Neurology, vol. 126, pp. 211–222, 2014.
[4] D. Challoumas, A. Stavrou, A. Pericleous, and G. Dimitrakakis, "Effects of Combined Vitamin D–Calcium Supplements on the Cardiovascular System: Should We Be Cautious?," Atherosclerosis, vol. 238, pp. 388–398, 2015.
[5] W. Yuan, W. Pan, J. Kong, W. Zheng, F. L. Szeto, K. E. Wong, et al., "1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Suppresses Renin Gene Transcription by Blocking the Activity of the Cyclic AMP Response Element in the Renin Gene Promoter," Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 282, pp. 29821–29830, 2007.
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[7] L. A. Merlino, J. Curtis, T. R. Mikuls, J. R. Cerhan, L. A. Criswell, and K. G. Saag, "Vitamin D Intake is Inversely Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis," Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol. 50, pp. 72–77, 2004.
[8] C. F. Arland, G. W. Comstock, F. C. Garland, K. J. Helsing, E. K. Shaw, and E. D. Gorham, "Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Colon Cancer: Eight-Year Prospective Study," Lancet, vol. 2, pp. 1176–1178, 1989.
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[10] K. Rose, M. Penna-Martinez, E. Klahold, D. Kärger, F. Shoghi, H. Kahles, et al., "Influence of the Vitamin D Plasma Level and Vitamin D-Related Genetic Polymorphisms on the Immune Status of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study," Clinical & Experimental Immunology, vol. 171, no. 2, pp. 171–185, 2013.
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[29] X. Guillot, L. Semerano, N. Saidenberg-Kermanac’h, G. Falgarone, and M. C. Boissier, "Vitamin D and Inflammation," Joint Bone Spine, vol. 77, no. 6, pp. 552–557, 2010.
[30] R. A. DeFronzo, E. Ferrannini, L. Groop, R. R. Henry, W. H. Herman, J. J. Holst, F. B. Hu, C. R. Kahn, I. Raz, G. I. Shulman, and D. C. Simonson, "Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus," Nature Reviews Disease Primers, vol. 1, Article 15019, 2015.
[31] S. Chatterjee, K. Khunti, and M. J. Davies, "Type 2 Diabetes," The Lancet, vol. 389, no. 10085, pp. 2239–2251, 2017.
[32] A. G. Pittas, J. Lau, F. B. Hu, and B. Dawson-Hughes, "The Role of Vitamin D and Calcium in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 92, no. 6, pp. 2017–2029, 2007.
[33] B. L. Nyomba, R. Bouillon, and P. De Moor, "Influence of Vitamin D Status on Insulin Secretion and Glucose Tolerance in the Rabbit," Endocrinology, vol. 115, pp. 191–197, 1984.
[34] B. J. Boucher, "Vitamin D Insufficiency and Diabetes Risks," Current Drug Targets, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 61–87, 2011.
[35] Z. Ozfirat, Z. Ozfirat, and T. A. Chowdhury, "Vitamin D Deficiency and Type 2 Diabetes," Postgraduate Medical Journal, vol. 86, no. 1011, pp. 18–25, 2010.
[36] C. C. Sung, M. T. Liao, K. C. Lu, and C. C. Wu, "Role of Vitamin D in Insulin Resistance," BioMed Research International, vol. 2012, Article ID 634195, 2012.
[37] J. J. Cannell, B. W. Hollis, M. Zasloff, and R. P. Heaney, "Diagnosis and Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency," Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 107–118, 2008.
[38] M. Penna-Martinez and K. Badenhoop, "Inherited Variation in Vitamin D Genes and Type 1 Diabetes Predisposition," Genes, vol. 8, no. 2, Article 125, 2017.
[39] M. J. Berridge, "Vitamin D Deficiency and Diabetes," Biochemical Journal, vol. 474, no. 8, pp. 1321–1332, 2017.
[40] A. Basit, K. A. Basit, A. Fawwad, F. Shaheen, N. Fatima, I. N. Petropoulos, U. Alam, and R. A. Malik, "Vitamin D for the Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy," BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, vol. 4, no. 1, Article e000148, 2016.
[41] I. Kostoglou-Athanassiou, P. Athanassiou, A. Gkountouvas, and P. Kaldrymides, "Vitamin D and Glycemic Control in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2," Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 122–128, 2013.
[42] G. Schwalfenberg, "Vitamin D and Diabetes: Improvement of Glycemic Control with Vitamin D3 Repletion," Canadian Family Physician, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 864–866, 2008.
[43] H. Hey, A. Schmedes, P. Horn, and I. Brandslund, "Vitamin D Deficiency," Ugeskrift for Laeger, vol. 171, no. 26, pp. 2179–2184, 2009.
[2] T. Martin and R. K. Campbell, "Vitamin D and Diabetes," Diabetes Spectrum, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 113–118, 2011.
[3] U. Alam, O. Asghar, S. Azmi, and R. A. Malik, "General Aspects of Diabetes Mellitus," Handbook of Clinical Neurology, vol. 126, pp. 211–222, 2014.
[4] D. Challoumas, A. Stavrou, A. Pericleous, and G. Dimitrakakis, "Effects of Combined Vitamin D–Calcium Supplements on the Cardiovascular System: Should We Be Cautious?," Atherosclerosis, vol. 238, pp. 388–398, 2015.
[5] W. Yuan, W. Pan, J. Kong, W. Zheng, F. L. Szeto, K. E. Wong, et al., "1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Suppresses Renin Gene Transcription by Blocking the Activity of the Cyclic AMP Response Element in the Renin Gene Promoter," Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 282, pp. 29821–29830, 2007.
[6] T. Akiishi, C. Gysemans, R. Bouillon, and C. Mathieu, "Vitamin D and Diabetes," Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, vol. 39, pp. 419–446, 2010.
[7] L. A. Merlino, J. Curtis, T. R. Mikuls, J. R. Cerhan, L. A. Criswell, and K. G. Saag, "Vitamin D Intake is Inversely Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis," Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol. 50, pp. 72–77, 2004.
[8] C. F. Arland, G. W. Comstock, F. C. Garland, K. J. Helsing, E. K. Shaw, and E. D. Gorham, "Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Colon Cancer: Eight-Year Prospective Study," Lancet, vol. 2, pp. 1176–1178, 1989.
[9] X. Palomer, J. M. González‐Clemente, F. Blanco‐Vaca, and D. Mauricio, "Role of Vitamin D in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus," Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 185–197, 2008.
[10] K. Rose, M. Penna-Martinez, E. Klahold, D. Kärger, F. Shoghi, H. Kahles, et al., "Influence of the Vitamin D Plasma Level and Vitamin D-Related Genetic Polymorphisms on the Immune Status of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study," Clinical & Experimental Immunology, vol. 171, no. 2, pp. 171–185, 2013.
[11] E. Hoseinzadeh, P. Taha, C. Wei, H. Godini, G. M. Ashraf, M. Taghavi, et al., "The Impact of Air Pollutants, UV Exposure, and Geographic Location on Vitamin D Deficiency," Food and Chemical Toxicology, vol. 113, pp. 241–254, 2018.
[12] I. M. Grønborg, I. Tetens, T. Christensen, E. W. Andersen, J. Jakobsen, M. Kiely, et al., "Vitamin D-Fortified Foods Improve Wintertime Vitamin D Status in Women of Danish and Pakistani Origin Living in Denmark: A Randomized Controlled Trial," European Journal of Nutrition, vol. 59, pp. 741–753, 2020.
[13] E. G. van den Heuvel, P. Lips, L. J. Schoonmade, S. A. Lanham-New, and N. M. van Schoor, "Comparison of the Effect of Daily Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," Advances in Nutrition, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 100133, 2024.
[14] G. Jones, "100 Years of Vitamin D: Historical Aspects of Vitamin D," Endocrine Connections, vol. 11, no. 4, 2022.
[15] L. A. Plum and H. F. DeLuca, "The Functional Metabolism and Molecular Biology of Vitamin D Action," in Vitamin D: Physiology, Molecular Biology, and Clinical Applications, pp. 61–97, 2010.
[16] G. Jones, "Metabolism and Biomarkers of Vitamin D," Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, vol. 72, sup. 243, pp. 7–13, 2012.
[17] J. W. Pike and S. Christakos, "Biology and Mechanisms of Action of the Vitamin D Hormone," Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 815–843, 2017.
[18] A. Verstuyf, G. Carmeliet, R. Bouillon, and C. Mathieu, "Vitamin D: A Pleiotropic Hormone," Kidney International, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 140–145, 2010.
[19] D. L. Ellison and H. R. Moran, "Vitamin D: Vitamin or Hormone?," The Nursing Clinics of North America, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 47–57, 2021.
[20] M. Föcker, J. Antel, S. Ring, et al., "Vitamin D and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents," European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, vol. 26, pp. 1043–1066, 2017.
[21] M. F. Holick and T. C. Chen, "Vitamin D Deficiency: A Worldwide Problem with Health Consequences," The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 87, no. 4, pp. 1080S–1086S, 2008.
[22] M. F. Holick, "Vitamin D Deficiency," New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 357, no. 3, pp. 266–281, 2007.
[23] O. Sizar, S. Khare, A. Goyal, and A. Givler, "Vitamin D Deficiency," StatPearls, Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing, 2018.
[24] S. Pilz, A. Tomaschitz, C. Drechsler, J. M. Dekker, and W. März, "Vitamin D Deficiency and Myocardial Diseases," Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, vol. 54, no. 8, pp. 1103–1113, 2010.
[25] N. Mohd Ghozali, N. Giribabu, and N. Salleh, "Mechanisms Linking Vitamin D Deficiency to Impaired Metabolism: An Overview," International Journal of Endocrinology, vol. 2022, Article ID 6453882, 2022.
[26] L. A. DiMeglio, C. Evans-Molina, and R. A. Oram, "Type 1 Diabetes," The Lancet, vol. 391, no. 10138, pp. 2449–2462, 2018.
[27] E. Hyppönen, E. Läärä, A. Reunanen, M. R. Järvelin, and S. M. Virtanen, "Intake of Vitamin D and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: A Birth-Cohort Study," The Lancet, vol. 358, no. 9292, pp. 1500–1503, 2001.
[28] C. S. Zipitis and A. K. Akobeng, "Vitamin D Supplementation in Early Childhood and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," Archives of Disease in Childhood, vol. 93, no. 6, pp. 512–517, 2008.
[29] X. Guillot, L. Semerano, N. Saidenberg-Kermanac’h, G. Falgarone, and M. C. Boissier, "Vitamin D and Inflammation," Joint Bone Spine, vol. 77, no. 6, pp. 552–557, 2010.
[30] R. A. DeFronzo, E. Ferrannini, L. Groop, R. R. Henry, W. H. Herman, J. J. Holst, F. B. Hu, C. R. Kahn, I. Raz, G. I. Shulman, and D. C. Simonson, "Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus," Nature Reviews Disease Primers, vol. 1, Article 15019, 2015.
[31] S. Chatterjee, K. Khunti, and M. J. Davies, "Type 2 Diabetes," The Lancet, vol. 389, no. 10085, pp. 2239–2251, 2017.
[32] A. G. Pittas, J. Lau, F. B. Hu, and B. Dawson-Hughes, "The Role of Vitamin D and Calcium in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 92, no. 6, pp. 2017–2029, 2007.
[33] B. L. Nyomba, R. Bouillon, and P. De Moor, "Influence of Vitamin D Status on Insulin Secretion and Glucose Tolerance in the Rabbit," Endocrinology, vol. 115, pp. 191–197, 1984.
[34] B. J. Boucher, "Vitamin D Insufficiency and Diabetes Risks," Current Drug Targets, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 61–87, 2011.
[35] Z. Ozfirat, Z. Ozfirat, and T. A. Chowdhury, "Vitamin D Deficiency and Type 2 Diabetes," Postgraduate Medical Journal, vol. 86, no. 1011, pp. 18–25, 2010.
[36] C. C. Sung, M. T. Liao, K. C. Lu, and C. C. Wu, "Role of Vitamin D in Insulin Resistance," BioMed Research International, vol. 2012, Article ID 634195, 2012.
[37] J. J. Cannell, B. W. Hollis, M. Zasloff, and R. P. Heaney, "Diagnosis and Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency," Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 107–118, 2008.
[38] M. Penna-Martinez and K. Badenhoop, "Inherited Variation in Vitamin D Genes and Type 1 Diabetes Predisposition," Genes, vol. 8, no. 2, Article 125, 2017.
[39] M. J. Berridge, "Vitamin D Deficiency and Diabetes," Biochemical Journal, vol. 474, no. 8, pp. 1321–1332, 2017.
[40] A. Basit, K. A. Basit, A. Fawwad, F. Shaheen, N. Fatima, I. N. Petropoulos, U. Alam, and R. A. Malik, "Vitamin D for the Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy," BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, vol. 4, no. 1, Article e000148, 2016.
[41] I. Kostoglou-Athanassiou, P. Athanassiou, A. Gkountouvas, and P. Kaldrymides, "Vitamin D and Glycemic Control in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2," Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 122–128, 2013.
[42] G. Schwalfenberg, "Vitamin D and Diabetes: Improvement of Glycemic Control with Vitamin D3 Repletion," Canadian Family Physician, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 864–866, 2008.
[43] H. Hey, A. Schmedes, P. Horn, and I. Brandslund, "Vitamin D Deficiency," Ugeskrift for Laeger, vol. 171, no. 26, pp. 2179–2184, 2009.
Published
2024-12-05
How to Cite
Obaid, H. A. (2024). Diabetes and its Impact on Vitamin D Levels Review. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 6(1), 100-105. Retrieved from https://cajmns.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJMNS/article/view/2676
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