Study of Some Immunological Aspects of Diabetic Type1 Infected with Toxoplasmosis
Keywords:
IL-2, IL-17, Diabetes type1, Toxoplasmosis
Abstract
The present investigation was conducted on type 1 diabetes individuals infected with the Toxoplasma gondii parasite. The potential association between toxoplasmosis infection and type 1 diabetes (1DM) remains under investigation. This study aims to examine the role of interleukin-2 and interleukin-17 in the immune response to parasites. A total of 160 serum samples were obtained from Thi-Qar hospitals and private laboratories, categorised into four groups: 40 samples from type 1 diabetes patients infected with toxoplasmosis, 40 samples from type 1 diabetic patients only, 40 samples from patients with toxoplasmosis only, and 40 samples from the control group. The study results indicated that the serum concentration of IL-2 was highest in the type 1 diabetes group infected with toxoplasmosis, followed by the type 1 diabetic group alone, then the toxoplasmosis-infected group, with the control group exhibiting the lowest concentration. The IL-17 serum levels were elevated in the toxoplasmosis-infected group, followed by the type 1 diabetes group infected with toxoplasmosis, while the control group had the lowest concentration.
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[2] Alavi SM, Alavi L.(2016) .Toxoplasmosis in Iran : a guide of general physicians working in the Iranian health network setting: a systematic review. Caspian J Intern Med.; 7(4):233–241.
[3] Arenas-Ramirez N, Woytschak J, Boyman O (2015). "Interleukin-2: Biology, Design and Application". Trends in Immunology. 36 (12): 763–777.
[4] Chiricozzi A, Guttman-Yassky E, Suárez-Fariñas M, Nograles KE, Tian S, Cardinale I, Chimenti S, Krueger JG (2011). "Integrative responses to IL-17 and TNF-α in human keratinocytes account for key inflammatory pathogenic circuits in psoriasis". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 131 (3): 677–87.
[5] Eskan MA, Jotwani R, Abe T, Chmelar J, Lim JH, Liang S, Ciero PA, Krauss JL, Li F, Rauner M, Hofbauer LC, Choi EY, Chung KJ, Hashim A, Curtis MA, Chavakis T, Hajishengallis G.(2012). The leukocyte integrin antagonist Del-1 inhibits IL-17-mediated inflammatory bone loss. Nat Immunol. 13:465–473.
[6] Feather, Adam; Randall, David; Waterhouse, Mona (2021). Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine (10th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 699–741. ISBN 978-0-7020-7868-2.
[7] Hajishengallis G.(2014). Immunomicrobial pathogenesis of periodontitis: keystones, pathobionts, and host response. Trends Immunol. 35:3–11.
[8] Henriques, S.A.; Brett, R.; Alexander, J.; Pratt, J. and Roberts, C.W. (2009). Neuropsychiatric disease and Toxoplasma gondii infection. Neuroimmunomodulation, 16 (2): 122-133.
[9] Iwakura Y, Ishigame H, Saijo S, Nakae S.(2011). Functional specialization of interleukin-17 family members. Immunity.;34:149–162.
[10] Kankova S, Flegr J, Calda P.(2015). An elevated blood glucose level and increased incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant woman with latent toxoplasmosis. Folia Parasitol;62. pii: 2015.056.
[11] Kumar, V; Abbas, A; Aster, J (2021). Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (10th ed.). Pennsylvania: Elsevier. pp. 1065–1132. ISBN 978-0-323-60992-0.
[12] Liao W, Lin JX, Leonard WJ (2013). "Interleukin-2 at the crossroads of effector responses, tolerance, and immunotherapy". Immunity. 38 (1): 13–25.
[13] Liao W, Lin JX, Leonard WJ (October 2011). "IL-2 family cytokines: new insights into the complex roles of IL-2 as a broad regulator of T helper cell differentiation". Current Opinion in Immunology. 23 (5): 598–604.
[14] Mahami-Oskouei M, Moradi M, Fallah E, Hamidi F, Asl Rahnamaye Akbari N.(2017). Molecular detection and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in chicken, beef, and lamb meat consumed in northwestern Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2017; 12(1):38–45 .
[15] Miossec P, Kolls JK.(2012) Targeting IL-17 and TH17 cells in chronic inflammation. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2012;11:763–776.
[16] Miossec P, Korn T, Kuchroo VK (2009). "Interleukin-17 and type 17 helper T cells". The New England Journal of Medicine. 361 (9): 888–98.
[17] Mohraz M, Mehrkhani F, Jam S, et al.(2011). Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in HIV(+)/AIDS patients in Iran. Acta Med Iran.; 49(4):213–8.
[18] Prandota J.(2013). T. gondii infection acquired during pregnancy and/or after birth may be responsible for development of both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab 2013;4(2): 1000241.
[19] Rother KI (2007). "Diabetes treatment--bridging the divide". The New England Journal of Medicine. 356 (15): 1499–501.
[20] Starnes T, Broxmeyer HE, Robertson MJ, Hromas R (2002). "Cutting edge: IL-17D, a novel member of the IL-17 family, stimulates cytokine production and inhibits hemopoiesis". Journal of Immunology. 169 (2): 642–6.
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[22] Torgerson PR, Mastroiacovo P.(2013). The global burden of congenital toxoplasmosis: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ.; 91(7):501–8.
[23] VanWormer, E.; Miller, M.A.; Conrad, P.A.; Grigg, M.E.; Rejmanek, D.; Carpenter, T.E. and Mazet, J.A. (2014). Using molecular epidemiology to track Toxoplasma gondii from terrestrial carnivores to marine hosts: implications for public health and conservation. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 8 (5): 1-14.
[24] World Health Organization(2013)."Diabetes Fact sheet N°312". WHO. October 2013. Archived from the original on 26 August 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
[25] Zhang Y, Li D, Lu S, Zheng B (2022). "Toxoplasmosis vaccines: what we have and where to go. npj Vaccines. 7 (1): 131.
Published
2024-10-31
How to Cite
Hadi, N. A., & Kudaier, A. M. (2024). Study of Some Immunological Aspects of Diabetic Type1 Infected with Toxoplasmosis. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 5(4), 1094-1099. Retrieved from https://cajmns.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJMNS/article/view/2661
Section
Articles
