Penicillin: The Magic Drug

Tahir Kadhem  Hassan; Shaker Naeem Jawad  Kazem; Huda Jalil  Zabun; Karar Star Lazim  Makhwar

Tahir Kadhem Hassan Department of Pathological Analysis, College of Science, University of Thi-Qar, Iraq
Shaker Naeem Jawad Kazem Department of Pathological Analysis, College of Science, University of Thi-Qar, Iraq
Huda Jalil Zabun Department of Pathological Analysis, College of Science, University of Thi-Qar, Iraq
Karar Star Lazim Makhwar Department of Pathological Analysis, College of Science, University of Thi-Qar, Iraq

Keywords: Penicillin, Antibiotic resistance, Aminopenicillins, β-lactamases, Bactericidal activity

Abstract

This study explores the ongoing development of penicillin antibiotics, which remain crucial for combating bacterial infections due to their low toxicity, broad distribution, and bactericidal properties. The emergence of penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus strains prompted the creation of methicillin and oxacillin, while aminopenicillins like ampicillin are now widely used against Gram-negative bacteria. Despite advances, the need for penicillins effective against Enterobacteriaceae remains a significant challenge. The research aimed to develop an ideal penicillin with high bioavailability, resistance to β-lactamases, strong bactericidal activity, low toxicity, and high affinity for penicillin-binding proteins. Results highlight progress in achieving these objectives, with implications for improving treatments against resistant bacterial strains.

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