Association of Obesity with Infertility in Infertile Women in Baghdad
Keywords:
Infertility, Obesity, Infertile, BMI
Abstract
Obesity is becoming a fast growing health problem across the world. It leads to alterations in reproductive functions and menstrual irregularities especially chronic anovulation and infertility. Obesity leads to hyperinsulinemia and consequent ovarian hyperandrogenism. To assess the association of females obesity with infertility and related menstrual abnormality This study was cross- sectional study performed at Kamal Alsamaraee Infertility Treatment and In Vitro Fertilization Hospital in Baghdad. The educational level and the type of infertility showed a significant difference in BMI levels, being illiterate had higher means of BMI compared to those of post graduate education, being of secondary infertility showed higher means of BMI. This study also demonstrated a positive; highly significant correlation of both fasting blood sugar and HOMA-IR levels with BMI of infertile women.
References
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Pasquali R, Patton L, Gambeneri A. "Obesity and infertility". Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity. December 2007;14 (6):482-7.
Brannian JD, "Obesity and fertility", South Dakota Medicine. July 2011; 64 (7):251-4. PMID 21848022.
Mitchell M, Armstrong DT, Robker RL, Norman RJ. "Adipokines: implications for female fertility and obesity". Reproduction. November 2005;130 (5): 583-97.
Johnson MH. Essential Reproduction. John Wiley & Sons. 14-12-2012; ISBN 978118423882.
Pandey S, Moheshwari A, Bhattachaya S. "The impact of female obesity on the outcome of fertility treatment". Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences. May 2010; 3 (2):62-7.
Salgado A, Carvalho L, Oliveira A, Santos V, Vieira J, Parise E. Insulin resistance index (HOMA IR) in the differentiation of patients' nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and healthy individuals. Arq Gastroenterol. 2010; 47(2).
Al Nsour M., Al Kayyali Gh., Naffa S. Overweight and obesity among Jordanian women and their social determinants. EMHJ 2013; 19(12): 1014-9.
Al-Tawil NG, Abdulla MM, Abdul Ameer AJ. Prevalence of and factors associated with overweight and obesity among a group of Iraqi women. East Mediterr Health J. 2007;13(2):420-9.
Gaskins AJ, Rich-Edwards JW, Missmer SA, Rosner B, Chavarro JE. Association of Fecundity With Changes in Adult Female Weight. Obstet Gynecol. 2015; 126(4):850–858. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000001030.
Bastemir M., Akin F., Alkis E., and Kaptanoglu B., “Obesity is associated with increased serum TSH level, independent of thyroid function,” Swiss Medical Weekly, vol. 137, no. 29-30, pp. 431–434, 2007.
Iacobellis G., Ribaudo M. C., Zappaterreno A., Iannucci C. V., and, Leonetti F. “Relationship of thyroid function with body mass index, leptin, insulin sensitivity and adiponectin in euthyroid obese women,” . Clinical Endocrinology 2005; 62 (4): 487–491.
Michalaki M. A., Vagenakis A. G., Leonardou A. S. et al., “Thyroid function in humans with morbid obesity,” Thyroid 2006: 16(1):73–8.
Santos‐Silva, C. M., Barbosa, F. R., Lima, G. A., Warszawski, L., Fontes, R., Domingues, R. C. and Gadelha, M. R. (2011), BMI and Metabolic Profile in Patients With Prolactinoma Before and After Treatment With Dopamine Agonists. Obesity 2010; 19: 800-805. doi:10.1038/oby.2010.150.
Pereira-Lima J F, Leães C G, Freitas Neto F M, Barbosa M V, da Silva A L M and Oliveira M d C. Hyperprolactinemia and body weight: prevalence of obesity and overweight in patients with hyperprolactinemia. Res J Endocrinol Metab. 2013; 1:2. http://dx.doi.org/10.7243/2053-3640-1-2.
Panag KM, Kaur N, Goyal G. Correlation of insulin resistance by various methods with fasting insulin in obese. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2014;4(Suppl 1):S41–S45. doi:10.4103/2229-516X.140733.
Walker M. Obesity, insulin resistance, and its link to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 1995;44:18–20.
Kissebah AH, Krakower GR. Regional adiposity and morbidity. Physiol Rev. 1994;74:761–811.
Agrawal N, Agrawal M K, Kumari T, Kumar S. Correlation between Body Mass Index and Blood Glucose Levels in Jharkhand Population. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research 2017;4(8):1633-6.
Lee KS, Cho SD, Hong HS. The risk factors associated with increase blood pressure sugar and lipids in multiphasic health checkup examinee. Korean J Prev Med. 2000;33:69–75.
Costa GB, Horta N, Resende ZF, Souza G, Barreto LM, Correia LH, et al. Body mass index has a good correlation with proatherosclerotic profile in children and adolescents. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2009;93:261–7.
Chung JO, Cho DH, Chung DJ, Chung MY. Associations among body mass index, insulin resistance, and pancreatic β-cell function in Korean patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes. Korean J Intern Med. 2012;27(1):66–71. doi:10.3904/kjim.2012.27.1.66.
Chang SA, Kim HS, Yoon KH, et al. Body mass index is the most important determining factor for the degree of insulin resistance in non-obese type 2 diabetic patients in Korea. Metabolism. 2004;53:142–146.
ASRM-American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Practice Committee of American Society for reproductive medicine. Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss. Fertil Steril. 2008;90:S60.
Pasquali R, Pelusi C, Genghini S, Cacciari M, Gambineri A. Obesity and Reproductive disorders in women. Hum Reprod Update. 2003;9:359–72.
Talmor A, Dunphy B. Female obesity and infertility. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;29:498–506.
Kayatas S, Boza A, Api M, Kurt D, Eroglu M, Arınkan SA. Body composition: A predictive factor of cycle fecundity. Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2014;41(2):75–79. doi:10.5653/cerm.2014.41.2.75.
Evans D. J., Hoffmann R. G., Kalkhoff R K., Kissebah A H., Relationship of Androgenic Activity to Body Fat Topography, Fat Cell Morphology, and Metabolic Aberrations in Premenopausal Women, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism1983;57(2): 304–310, https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-57-2-304.
Zaadstra BM, Seidell JC, Van Noord PA, te Velde ER, Habbema JD, Vrieswijk B, Karbaat J. Fat and female fecundity: prospective study of effect of body fat distribution on conception rates. BMJ. 1993; 306(6876):484-7.
Al-Bayatti A A. Insulin resistance and upper-body obesity in polycystic ovary syndrome. Middle East Fertility Society Journal 2006; 11(3): 202-208.
Al-Jefout M, Alnawaiseh N, Al-Qtaitat A. Insulin resistance and obesity among infertile women with different polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):5339. Published 2017 Jul 13. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05717-y.
Le MT, Nguyen VQH, Truong QV, Le DD, Le VNS, Cao NT. Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance Syndrome among Infertile Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study from Central Vietnam. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2018;33(4):447–458. doi:10.3803/EnM.2018.33.4.447.
Rafique M, Nuzhat A. Role of obesity in female infertility and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes. Saudi J Obesity 2016;4:75-9.
AL-Shalah, H., and AL-Hilli, N. 2010. Procalcitonin as a Mediator of Chronic Inflammation in Obese Women with PCOS. Medical Journal of Babylon, Vol. 7. pp: 505-510.
Al-Fahham A A., Al-Nowainy H Q. The role of FSH, LH, and Prolactin Hormones in Female Infertility. American Journal of PharmTech Research 2016.
6(5):110-16.
Al-Hilali B M, Al-Samarrai M K, Al-Bdri A H Measuring some hormonal Levels of infertile women in Samarra city -Iraq Mater. Sci. Eng. 454 012119.
Olooto, W. E., Adeleye, A. O., Amballi, A. A., and Mosuro, A. O. Pattern of Reproductive Hormones (Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, Estradiol, Progesterone, and Prolactin) Levels in Infertile Women in Sagamu South Western Nigeria. Scholars Research Library Der Pharmacia Lettre 2012;4(2):549-553.
De Pergola G, Maldera S, Tartagni M, Pannacciulli N, Loverro G, Giorgino R. Inhibitory effect of obesity on gonadotropin, estradiol, and inhibin B levels in fertile women. Obesity 2006;14:1954-60.
Marcia, C. Inhorn., and Pasquale, Patrizio. Infertility around the Globe: New Thinking on Gender, Reproductive Technologies and Global Movements in the 21st Century. Human Reproductive Update 2015;21(4): 411–426.
Shohreh, Irani., Firoozeh, Ahmadi., and Maryam, Javam. Evaluation of the Uterine Causes of Female Infertility by Ultrasound: A Literature Review. Journal of Midwifery & Reproductive Health 2017; 5(2): 919–926.
Rita, V. W., and Ruth, C. Female Infertility of Endocrine Origin. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab 2013;58(2): 144 –152.
Reyftman, L., Dechaud, H., Ovtchnikoff. Amenorrhea and arteriovenous uterine malformation, and recovery of menses after embolization. Reprod Biomed Online Oct 2003. 7(3): 327-329.
"Obesity and overweight" World Health Organization. Retrieved 2016-09-28.
Pasquali R, Patton L, Gambeneri A. "Obesity and infertility". Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity. December 2007;14 (6):482-7.
Brannian JD, "Obesity and fertility", South Dakota Medicine. July 2011; 64 (7):251-4. PMID 21848022.
Mitchell M, Armstrong DT, Robker RL, Norman RJ. "Adipokines: implications for female fertility and obesity". Reproduction. November 2005;130 (5): 583-97.
Johnson MH. Essential Reproduction. John Wiley & Sons. 14-12-2012; ISBN 978118423882.
Pandey S, Moheshwari A, Bhattachaya S. "The impact of female obesity on the outcome of fertility treatment". Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences. May 2010; 3 (2):62-7.
Salgado A, Carvalho L, Oliveira A, Santos V, Vieira J, Parise E. Insulin resistance index (HOMA IR) in the differentiation of patients' nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and healthy individuals. Arq Gastroenterol. 2010; 47(2).
Al Nsour M., Al Kayyali Gh., Naffa S. Overweight and obesity among Jordanian women and their social determinants. EMHJ 2013; 19(12): 1014-9.
Al-Tawil NG, Abdulla MM, Abdul Ameer AJ. Prevalence of and factors associated with overweight and obesity among a group of Iraqi women. East Mediterr Health J. 2007;13(2):420-9.
Gaskins AJ, Rich-Edwards JW, Missmer SA, Rosner B, Chavarro JE. Association of Fecundity With Changes in Adult Female Weight. Obstet Gynecol. 2015; 126(4):850–858. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000001030.
Bastemir M., Akin F., Alkis E., and Kaptanoglu B., “Obesity is associated with increased serum TSH level, independent of thyroid function,” Swiss Medical Weekly, vol. 137, no. 29-30, pp. 431–434, 2007.
Iacobellis G., Ribaudo M. C., Zappaterreno A., Iannucci C. V., and, Leonetti F. “Relationship of thyroid function with body mass index, leptin, insulin sensitivity and adiponectin in euthyroid obese women,” . Clinical Endocrinology 2005; 62 (4): 487–491.
Michalaki M. A., Vagenakis A. G., Leonardou A. S. et al., “Thyroid function in humans with morbid obesity,” Thyroid 2006: 16(1):73–8.
Santos‐Silva, C. M., Barbosa, F. R., Lima, G. A., Warszawski, L., Fontes, R., Domingues, R. C. and Gadelha, M. R. (2011), BMI and Metabolic Profile in Patients With Prolactinoma Before and After Treatment With Dopamine Agonists. Obesity 2010; 19: 800-805. doi:10.1038/oby.2010.150.
Pereira-Lima J F, Leães C G, Freitas Neto F M, Barbosa M V, da Silva A L M and Oliveira M d C. Hyperprolactinemia and body weight: prevalence of obesity and overweight in patients with hyperprolactinemia. Res J Endocrinol Metab. 2013; 1:2. http://dx.doi.org/10.7243/2053-3640-1-2.
Panag KM, Kaur N, Goyal G. Correlation of insulin resistance by various methods with fasting insulin in obese. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2014;4(Suppl 1):S41–S45. doi:10.4103/2229-516X.140733.
Walker M. Obesity, insulin resistance, and its link to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 1995;44:18–20.
Kissebah AH, Krakower GR. Regional adiposity and morbidity. Physiol Rev. 1994;74:761–811.
Agrawal N, Agrawal M K, Kumari T, Kumar S. Correlation between Body Mass Index and Blood Glucose Levels in Jharkhand Population. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research 2017;4(8):1633-6.
Lee KS, Cho SD, Hong HS. The risk factors associated with increase blood pressure sugar and lipids in multiphasic health checkup examinee. Korean J Prev Med. 2000;33:69–75.
Costa GB, Horta N, Resende ZF, Souza G, Barreto LM, Correia LH, et al. Body mass index has a good correlation with proatherosclerotic profile in children and adolescents. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2009;93:261–7.
Chung JO, Cho DH, Chung DJ, Chung MY. Associations among body mass index, insulin resistance, and pancreatic β-cell function in Korean patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes. Korean J Intern Med. 2012;27(1):66–71. doi:10.3904/kjim.2012.27.1.66.
Chang SA, Kim HS, Yoon KH, et al. Body mass index is the most important determining factor for the degree of insulin resistance in non-obese type 2 diabetic patients in Korea. Metabolism. 2004;53:142–146.
ASRM-American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Practice Committee of American Society for reproductive medicine. Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss. Fertil Steril. 2008;90:S60.
Pasquali R, Pelusi C, Genghini S, Cacciari M, Gambineri A. Obesity and Reproductive disorders in women. Hum Reprod Update. 2003;9:359–72.
Talmor A, Dunphy B. Female obesity and infertility. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;29:498–506.
Kayatas S, Boza A, Api M, Kurt D, Eroglu M, Arınkan SA. Body composition: A predictive factor of cycle fecundity. Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2014;41(2):75–79. doi:10.5653/cerm.2014.41.2.75.
Evans D. J., Hoffmann R. G., Kalkhoff R K., Kissebah A H., Relationship of Androgenic Activity to Body Fat Topography, Fat Cell Morphology, and Metabolic Aberrations in Premenopausal Women, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism1983;57(2): 304–310, https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-57-2-304.
Zaadstra BM, Seidell JC, Van Noord PA, te Velde ER, Habbema JD, Vrieswijk B, Karbaat J. Fat and female fecundity: prospective study of effect of body fat distribution on conception rates. BMJ. 1993; 306(6876):484-7.
Al-Bayatti A A. Insulin resistance and upper-body obesity in polycystic ovary syndrome. Middle East Fertility Society Journal 2006; 11(3): 202-208.
Al-Jefout M, Alnawaiseh N, Al-Qtaitat A. Insulin resistance and obesity among infertile women with different polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):5339. Published 2017 Jul 13. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05717-y.
Le MT, Nguyen VQH, Truong QV, Le DD, Le VNS, Cao NT. Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance Syndrome among Infertile Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study from Central Vietnam. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2018;33(4):447–458. doi:10.3803/EnM.2018.33.4.447.
Rafique M, Nuzhat A. Role of obesity in female infertility and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes. Saudi J Obesity 2016;4:75-9.
AL-Shalah, H., and AL-Hilli, N. 2010. Procalcitonin as a Mediator of Chronic Inflammation in Obese Women with PCOS. Medical Journal of Babylon, Vol. 7. pp: 505-510.
Al-Fahham A A., Al-Nowainy H Q. The role of FSH, LH, and Prolactin Hormones in Female Infertility. American Journal of PharmTech Research 2016.
6(5):110-16.
Al-Hilali B M, Al-Samarrai M K, Al-Bdri A H Measuring some hormonal Levels of infertile women in Samarra city -Iraq Mater. Sci. Eng. 454 012119.
Olooto, W. E., Adeleye, A. O., Amballi, A. A., and Mosuro, A. O. Pattern of Reproductive Hormones (Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, Estradiol, Progesterone, and Prolactin) Levels in Infertile Women in Sagamu South Western Nigeria. Scholars Research Library Der Pharmacia Lettre 2012;4(2):549-553.
De Pergola G, Maldera S, Tartagni M, Pannacciulli N, Loverro G, Giorgino R. Inhibitory effect of obesity on gonadotropin, estradiol, and inhibin B levels in fertile women. Obesity 2006;14:1954-60.
Marcia, C. Inhorn., and Pasquale, Patrizio. Infertility around the Globe: New Thinking on Gender, Reproductive Technologies and Global Movements in the 21st Century. Human Reproductive Update 2015;21(4): 411–426.
Shohreh, Irani., Firoozeh, Ahmadi., and Maryam, Javam. Evaluation of the Uterine Causes of Female Infertility by Ultrasound: A Literature Review. Journal of Midwifery & Reproductive Health 2017; 5(2): 919–926.
Rita, V. W., and Ruth, C. Female Infertility of Endocrine Origin. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab 2013;58(2): 144 –152.
Reyftman, L., Dechaud, H., Ovtchnikoff. Amenorrhea and arteriovenous uterine malformation, and recovery of menses after embolization. Reprod Biomed Online Oct 2003. 7(3): 327-329.
Published
2024-07-29
How to Cite
Suhair Sameer Jasim, Niran Mundher Faraj, Ateka Qahtan Qaddoori, Ridhab Ajeel Jasim, & Muwaffaq Mahmoud Younis. (2024). Association of Obesity with Infertility in Infertile Women in Baghdad. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 5(4), 661-674. Retrieved from https://cajmns.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJMNS/article/view/2595
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Articles
