High Cholesterol Diet and Its Effect on Lung Tissue and the Protective Role of Malva Parviflora Seed Extract in Male Albino Rats
Keywords:
High-cholesterol Diet, Malva Parviflora, Lungs Tissues
Abstract
Obesity, driven by high-fat diets, is a global health concern that contributes to various chronic diseases, including respiratory disorders. Despite extensive research, the impact of high-fat diets on lung tissue remains underexplored, particularly regarding potential protective interventions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a high-fat diet on lung tissue in male rats and assess the protective role of *Malva parviflora* seed extract and rosuvastatin. Thirty male rats, aged 8-10 weeks and weighing 210-230 g, were divided into six groups: a control group, a high-cholesterol diet group (3% cholesterol), a group receiving *Malva parviflora* seed extract (100 mg/kg body weight), a group receiving rosuvastatin (2 mg/kg body weight), a group fed a high-cholesterol diet and *Malva parviflora* seed extract, and a group fed a high-cholesterol diet and rosuvastatin. Histological analysis of lung tissue revealed significant fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in the high-cholesterol diet group. Notably, rats treated with *Malva parviflora* seed extract exhibited a protective effect against lung fibrosis and inflammation, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent. In contrast, rosuvastatin did not demonstrate a protective role in preventing lung tissue damage induced by the high-cholesterol diet, either alone or in combination with the extract. These findings indicate that *Malva parviflora* seed extract may offer a novel approach to mitigating lung damage associated with high-fat diets, while the efficacy of rosuvastatin in this context remains questionable. This study highlights the need for further investigation into dietary interventions for lung health, particularly in the context of obesity and high-fat diets.
References
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[6] D. A. Beuther, "Obesity and Asthma," *Clinics in Chest Medicine*, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 479-488, 2009.
[7] R. A. Johnston, M. Zhu, Y. M. Rivera-Sanchez, F. L. Lu, T. A. Theman, L. Flynt, and S. A. Shore, "Diet-Induced Obesity Causes Innate Airway Hyperresponsiveness to Methacholine and Enhances Ozone-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation," *Journal of Applied Physiology*, vol. 102, pp. 2030-2036, 2007.
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[9] J. Pavlisova, K. Bardova, B. Stankova, E. Tvrzicka, J. Kopecky, and M. Rossmeisl, "Corn Oil Versus Lard: Metabolic Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Mice Fed Obesogenic Diets with Different Fatty Acid Composition," *Biochimie*, vol. 124, pp. 150-162, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.07.001.
[10] G. Serviddio, F. Bellanti, R. Villani, R. Tamborra, C. Zerbinati, M. Blonda, et al., "Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids and Cholesterol Excess on Liver Injury: A Lipidomic Approach," *Redox Biology*, vol. 7, pp. 296-305, 2016.
[11] V. Tufarelli, G. Bozzo, A. Perillo, and V. Laudadio, "Effects of Feeding Different Lipid Sources on Hepatic Histopathology Features and Growth Traits of Broiler Chickens," *Acta Histochemica*, vol. 117, no. 8, pp. 780-783, 2015.
[12] S. M. Koenig, "Pulmonary Complications of Obesity," *American Journal of the Medical Sciences*, vol. 321, pp. 249-279, 2001.
[13] A. J. Stunkard, "Current Views on Obesity," *American Journal of Medicine*, vol. 100, pp. 230-236, 1996.
[14] N. M. Abd El-Mageed, "Hepatoprotective Effect of Feeding Celery Leaves Mixed with Chicory Leaves and Barley Grains to Hypercholesterolemic Rats," *Pharmacognosy Magazine*, vol. 26, pp. 151-156, 2011.
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[16] E. M. Laag, S. M. Tawfik, and B. I. El-Shafey, "Effect of Obesity on the Lung of Adult Male Albino Rat with Evaluation of the Possible Protective Role of Pomegranate: Light and Electron Microscope Study," *Egyptian Journal of Histology*, vol. 42, pp. 335-345, 2019.
[17] M. N. Al-Hayder, R. S. Al-Mayyahi, and R. M. O. Hraishawi, "The Effects of High Fat Diet on Kidney and Lung Histopathology in Experimental Rats," *Open Journal of Science and Technology*, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 40-45, 2020.
[18] S. Sen and R. A. Simmons, "Maternal Antioxidant Supplementation Prevents Adiposity in the Offspring of Western Diet-Fed Rats," *Diabetes*, vol. 59, pp. 3058-3065, 2010.
[19] S. Furukawa, T. Fujita, M. Shimabukuro, M. Iwaki, Y. Yamada, Y. Nakajima, et al., "Increased Oxidative Stress in Obesity and Its Impact on Metabolic Syndrome," *Journal of Clinical Investigation*, vol. 114, pp. 1752-1761, 2004.
[20] H. Lee, Y. J. Lee, H. Choi, E. H. Ko, and J. W. Kim, "Reactive Oxygen Species Facilitate Adipocyte Differentiation by Accelerating Mitotic Clonal Expansion," *Journal of Biological Chemistry*, vol. 284, pp. 10601-10609, 2009.
[21] D. W. Lim, Y. T. Kim, Y. J. Jang, Y. E. Kim, and D. Han, "Anti-Obesity Effect of *Artemisia Capillaris* Extracts in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats," *Molecules*, vol. 18, pp. 9241-9252, 2013.
[22] J. H. H. Al-Awadi, K. H. Rashid, and A. J. Hassen, "High Fat Diet Induces Hyperlipidemia Incidences with Severe Changes in Liver Tissue of Male Albino Rats: A Histological and Biochemical Study," *Kerbala Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences*, vol. 6, pp. 21-32, 2013.
[23] I. Talior, M. Yarkoni, N. Bashan, and H. Eldar-Finkelman, "Increased Glucose Uptake Promotes Oxidative Stress and PKC-Delta Activation in Adipocytes of Obese, Insulin-Resistant Mice," *American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism*, vol. 285, pp. E295-E302, 2003.
[24] J. Kim, X. Jia, P. D. Buckett, S. Liu, C.-H. Lee, and M. Wessling-Resnick, "Iron Loading Impairs Lipoprotein Lipase Activity and Promotes Hypertriglyceridemia," *FASEB Journal*, vol. 27, pp. 1657-1663, 2013.
[25] M. L. Circu and T. Y. Aw, "Reactive Oxygen Species, Cellular Redox Systems, and Apoptosis," *Free Radical Biology and Medicine*, vol. 48, pp. 749-762, 2010.
[26] F. Drakopanagiotakis, A. Xifteri, V. Polychronopoulos, and D. Bouros, "Apoptosis in Lung Injury and Fibrosis," *European Respiratory Journal*, vol. 32, pp. 1631-1638, 2008.
[27] M. G. L. Hertog, E. J. M. Feskens, P. C. H. Hollman, M. B. Katan, and D. Kromhout, "Dietary Antioxidant Flavonoids and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: The Zutphen Elderly Study," *The Lancet*, vol. 342, pp. 1007-1011, 1993.
[28] Y. M. Ahmed and R. Z. Sulaiman, "Detection of Some Active Compounds in the Leaves and Stems of Local Coriander Plant *Coriandrum Sativum* L.," *Tikrit Journal of Pure Science*, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 6-15, 2018.
[29] R. Z. Suleiman, "A Comparative Approach to Understanding Bacterial Pathogenicity: The Role of Enzymatic and Hemolytic Virulence Factors," *Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology*, vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 150-161, 2024.
[30] K. Husain, J. Mejia, J. Lalla, and S. Kazin, "Dose Response of Alcohol-Induced Changes in Blood Pressure, Nitric Oxide, and Antioxidants in Rat Plasma," *Pharmacological Research*, vol. 51, pp. 337-343, 2005.
[31] A. Luvai, W. Mbagaya, and A. Hall, "Rosuvastatin: A Review of the Pharmacology and Clinical Effectiveness in Cardiovascular Disease," *Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology*, vol. 6, pp. 17-33, 2012.
[32] H.-Y. Qu, Y.-W. Xiao, G.-H. Jiang, Z.-Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, and M. Zhang, "Effect of Atorvastatin Versus Rosuvastatin on Levels of Serum Lipids, Inflammatory Markers, and Adiponectin in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia," *Pharmacological Research*, vol. 26, pp. 958-964, 2009.
[33] S. Rondi, R. Peddolla, and R. Venisetty, "Neuro, Cardio, and Reno Protective Activities of Rosuvastatin in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats Undergoing Treatment with Metformin and Glimepiride," *Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research*, vol. 5, pp. 78-82, 2014.
Published
2024-08-24
How to Cite
Salih , A. Y. A. (2024). High Cholesterol Diet and Its Effect on Lung Tissue and the Protective Role of Malva Parviflora Seed Extract in Male Albino Rats. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 5(4), 582-590. Retrieved from https://cajmns.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJMNS/article/view/2587
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