A study on Identification of Bacterial Isolated From ICU Induce Nosocomial Infections
Keywords:
Genetics, Biology, Bacteria, ICU, Medical
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify bacterial isolates associated with nosocomial infections in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) in Basrah hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research involved the collection of 103 clinical and environmental specimens, including blood, urine, patient bed swabs, ICU instruments, and walls. Standard microbiological methods were used to identify the bacteria, followed by antibiotic sensitivity testing to determine resistance patterns. The results revealed 46 bacterial isolates, with Enterobacter species (42.55%), Staphylococcus species (34.04%), and Pseudomonas species (14.89%) being the most dominant. These findings highlight the significant level of contamination in ICU environments, which may contribute to the spread of nosocomial infections, particularly during public health crises like the pandemic. This study emphasizes the importance of implementing stringent infection control measures to prevent the spread of resistant pathogens in ICU settings, which is crucial for reducing healthcare-associated infection risks.
References
1. Allegranzi B, Bagheri Nejad S, Combescure C, Graafmans W, Attar H, Donaldson L, Pittet D. Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2011 Jan 15;377(9761):228-41.
2. Atiyah M. Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Management of Hypovolemic Shock: A Cross-Sectional Study. Academia Open. 2024 May 12;9(2):10-21070.
3. Atiyah MA, Hsasn MF. Assessment of pharmacy staff Knowledge Towards prevention of osteoporosis in adolescent girls. Age.;20(6):30-9.
4. Brooks, B. Et al. Strain-resolved analysis of hospital rooms and infants reveals overlap between the human and room microbiome. Nat. Commun. 2017.8, 1814.
5. Chaudhry, Dhruva, and Brijesh Prajapat “Intensive care unit bugs in India: how do they differ from the Westernworld?.” The Journal of Association of Chest Physicians, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2017, p. .
6. Cieslinsk JM, Arend L, Tuon FF, Silva EP, Ekermann RG, Dalla-Costa LM, et al. (. Molecular epidemiology characterization of OXA-23 carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from 8 Brazilian hospitals using repetitive sequence-based PCR. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis.; 2013. 77(4):337-40.
7. Ekrami A. Isolation of common aerobic bacterial pathogensfrom the environment of seven hospitals, Ahvaz, Iran. JJM,2011;4:7582.
8. Jaillette E, Nseir S. Relationship between inhaled b2-agonists and ventilatorassociated pneumonia: a cohort study. Crit Care Med;2011.39:725e30.
9. Janda, J. M. & Abbott, S. L. 16S rrna gene sequencing for bacterial identification in the diagnostic laboratory: pluses, perils, and pitfalls. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2017.45, 2761–2764).
10. Jeon JH, Hong MK, Lee JH, Lee JJ, Park KS, Karim AM, et al. Structure of ADC-68, a novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing class C extended-spectrum β-lactamase isolated from Acinetobacter baumannii. Acta Cryst.; 2014.D70:2924-36.
11. Juayang C Alain. 1, Gemma B de Los Reyes 2, April Joy G de la Rama 2, Christine T Gallega Antibiotic Resistance Profiling of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Specimens in a Tertiary Hospital from 2010 to 20 Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis.2014:2014:898457. Doi: 10.1155/2014/898457. Epub 2014 Sep 3.
12. Kaushal V Sheth1, Tejas K Patel2*, Saklainhaider S Malek1 and CB Tripathi1.)Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Bacterial Isolatesfromthe Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital inindia. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research December 2012; 11 (6): 991-999.
13. Luyt CE, Bréchot N, Trouillet JL, et al. Antibiotic stewardship in the intensive care unit. Crit Care; 2014.8:480.
14. Magill SS, Edwards JR, Bamberg W, Beldavs ZG, Dumyati G, Kainer MA, Lynfield R, Maloney M, mcallister-Hollod L, Nadle J, Ray SM, Thompson DL, Wilson LE, Fridkin SK., Emerging Infections Program Healthcare-Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Use Prevalence Survey Team. Multistate point-prevalence survey of health care-associated infections. N Engl J Med. 2014 Mar 27;370(13):1198-208.
15. Magill SS, O'Leary E, Janelle SJ, Thompson DL, Dumyati G, Nadle J, Wilson LE, Kainer MA, Lynfield R, Greissman S, Ray SM, Beldavs Z, Gross C, Bamberg W, Sievers M, Concannon C, Buhr N, Warnke L, Maloney M, Ocampo V, Brooks J, Oyewumi T, Sharmin S, Richards K, Rainbow J, Samper M, Hancock EB, Leaptrot D, Scalise E, Badrun F, Phelps R, Edwards JR., Emerging Infections Program Hospital Prevalence Survey Team. Changes in Prevalence of Health Care-Associated Infections in U.S. Hospitals. N Engl J Med. 2018 Nov 01;379(18):1732-1744. [PMC free article] [pubmed]
16. Mohammed Kadhim M, Mahfoudh F H, Maher A A. Morphology of Medical Pathological Terms with the Prefix (Cardio). International Journal of Language Learning and Applied Linguistics. 2024;3(3):21-4.
17. Naeem, Akhtar. Hospital Acquired Infections in a Medical Intensive Care Unit. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan,2010; Vol. 20 (6): 386-390.
18. Of Association of Chest Physicians, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2017, p. .Chidambaram N., Ambujam G., Reena Rajan, Sasikala G. And Anandi V. Antimicrobial Profile of Clinical Isolates in Intensive Car e Unit at a Tertiary Care Hospital. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, , 2019;8(2): 160-166.
19. Shiferaw T. Bacterial contamination, bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates from stethoscopes at Jimma University Specialized Hospital. Annals Clin Microbiol Antimicrobials 2013;12:39-47.
20. Suetens C, Latour K, Kärki T, Ricchizzi E, Kinross P, Moro ML, Jans B, Hopkins S, Hansen S, Lyytikäinen O, Reilly J, Deptula A, Zingg W, Plachouras D, Monnet DL., Healthcare-Associated Infections Prevalence Study Group. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections, estimated incidence and composite antimicrobial resistance index in acute care hospitals and long-term care facilities: results from two European point prevalence surveys, 2016 to 2017. Euro Surveill. 2018 Nov;23(46) [PMC free article] [pubmed]
21. Tiryag AM, Dawood SB, Jassim SK. Nurses’ knowledge and attitudes about enteral feeding complications by nasogastric tube in intensive care units. Rawal Medical Journal. 2023 Jul;48(3):689-.
22. Varley, A. J., H. Williams, and S. Fletcher. “Antibiotic resistance in the intensive care unit.” Continuing Educationin Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, Vol. 9, No. 4, 2009, pp. 114-18.
23. Vincent J, Rello J, Marshall J, et al. International study of the prevalence and outcomes of infection in intensive care units. JAMA;2009.302:2323–9.
24. Vincent, J. L., Bihari, D. J., Suter, P. M., Bruining, H. A., White, J., Nicolas-Chanoin, M. H.et al. The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study. JAMA.1995. 274, 639–44.
2. Atiyah M. Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Management of Hypovolemic Shock: A Cross-Sectional Study. Academia Open. 2024 May 12;9(2):10-21070.
3. Atiyah MA, Hsasn MF. Assessment of pharmacy staff Knowledge Towards prevention of osteoporosis in adolescent girls. Age.;20(6):30-9.
4. Brooks, B. Et al. Strain-resolved analysis of hospital rooms and infants reveals overlap between the human and room microbiome. Nat. Commun. 2017.8, 1814.
5. Chaudhry, Dhruva, and Brijesh Prajapat “Intensive care unit bugs in India: how do they differ from the Westernworld?.” The Journal of Association of Chest Physicians, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2017, p. .
6. Cieslinsk JM, Arend L, Tuon FF, Silva EP, Ekermann RG, Dalla-Costa LM, et al. (. Molecular epidemiology characterization of OXA-23 carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from 8 Brazilian hospitals using repetitive sequence-based PCR. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis.; 2013. 77(4):337-40.
7. Ekrami A. Isolation of common aerobic bacterial pathogensfrom the environment of seven hospitals, Ahvaz, Iran. JJM,2011;4:7582.
8. Jaillette E, Nseir S. Relationship between inhaled b2-agonists and ventilatorassociated pneumonia: a cohort study. Crit Care Med;2011.39:725e30.
9. Janda, J. M. & Abbott, S. L. 16S rrna gene sequencing for bacterial identification in the diagnostic laboratory: pluses, perils, and pitfalls. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2017.45, 2761–2764).
10. Jeon JH, Hong MK, Lee JH, Lee JJ, Park KS, Karim AM, et al. Structure of ADC-68, a novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing class C extended-spectrum β-lactamase isolated from Acinetobacter baumannii. Acta Cryst.; 2014.D70:2924-36.
11. Juayang C Alain. 1, Gemma B de Los Reyes 2, April Joy G de la Rama 2, Christine T Gallega Antibiotic Resistance Profiling of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Specimens in a Tertiary Hospital from 2010 to 20 Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis.2014:2014:898457. Doi: 10.1155/2014/898457. Epub 2014 Sep 3.
12. Kaushal V Sheth1, Tejas K Patel2*, Saklainhaider S Malek1 and CB Tripathi1.)Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Bacterial Isolatesfromthe Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital inindia. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research December 2012; 11 (6): 991-999.
13. Luyt CE, Bréchot N, Trouillet JL, et al. Antibiotic stewardship in the intensive care unit. Crit Care; 2014.8:480.
14. Magill SS, Edwards JR, Bamberg W, Beldavs ZG, Dumyati G, Kainer MA, Lynfield R, Maloney M, mcallister-Hollod L, Nadle J, Ray SM, Thompson DL, Wilson LE, Fridkin SK., Emerging Infections Program Healthcare-Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Use Prevalence Survey Team. Multistate point-prevalence survey of health care-associated infections. N Engl J Med. 2014 Mar 27;370(13):1198-208.
15. Magill SS, O'Leary E, Janelle SJ, Thompson DL, Dumyati G, Nadle J, Wilson LE, Kainer MA, Lynfield R, Greissman S, Ray SM, Beldavs Z, Gross C, Bamberg W, Sievers M, Concannon C, Buhr N, Warnke L, Maloney M, Ocampo V, Brooks J, Oyewumi T, Sharmin S, Richards K, Rainbow J, Samper M, Hancock EB, Leaptrot D, Scalise E, Badrun F, Phelps R, Edwards JR., Emerging Infections Program Hospital Prevalence Survey Team. Changes in Prevalence of Health Care-Associated Infections in U.S. Hospitals. N Engl J Med. 2018 Nov 01;379(18):1732-1744. [PMC free article] [pubmed]
16. Mohammed Kadhim M, Mahfoudh F H, Maher A A. Morphology of Medical Pathological Terms with the Prefix (Cardio). International Journal of Language Learning and Applied Linguistics. 2024;3(3):21-4.
17. Naeem, Akhtar. Hospital Acquired Infections in a Medical Intensive Care Unit. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan,2010; Vol. 20 (6): 386-390.
18. Of Association of Chest Physicians, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2017, p. .Chidambaram N., Ambujam G., Reena Rajan, Sasikala G. And Anandi V. Antimicrobial Profile of Clinical Isolates in Intensive Car e Unit at a Tertiary Care Hospital. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, , 2019;8(2): 160-166.
19. Shiferaw T. Bacterial contamination, bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates from stethoscopes at Jimma University Specialized Hospital. Annals Clin Microbiol Antimicrobials 2013;12:39-47.
20. Suetens C, Latour K, Kärki T, Ricchizzi E, Kinross P, Moro ML, Jans B, Hopkins S, Hansen S, Lyytikäinen O, Reilly J, Deptula A, Zingg W, Plachouras D, Monnet DL., Healthcare-Associated Infections Prevalence Study Group. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections, estimated incidence and composite antimicrobial resistance index in acute care hospitals and long-term care facilities: results from two European point prevalence surveys, 2016 to 2017. Euro Surveill. 2018 Nov;23(46) [PMC free article] [pubmed]
21. Tiryag AM, Dawood SB, Jassim SK. Nurses’ knowledge and attitudes about enteral feeding complications by nasogastric tube in intensive care units. Rawal Medical Journal. 2023 Jul;48(3):689-.
22. Varley, A. J., H. Williams, and S. Fletcher. “Antibiotic resistance in the intensive care unit.” Continuing Educationin Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, Vol. 9, No. 4, 2009, pp. 114-18.
23. Vincent J, Rello J, Marshall J, et al. International study of the prevalence and outcomes of infection in intensive care units. JAMA;2009.302:2323–9.
24. Vincent, J. L., Bihari, D. J., Suter, P. M., Bruining, H. A., White, J., Nicolas-Chanoin, M. H.et al. The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study. JAMA.1995. 274, 639–44.
Published
2024-07-31
How to Cite
Dhahir, A. W. (2024). A study on Identification of Bacterial Isolated From ICU Induce Nosocomial Infections. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 5(4), 496-501. Retrieved from https://cajmns.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJMNS/article/view/2575
Section
Articles
