Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infections in Male and Female: A Review
Keywords:
Bacterial Infection, Prevalence, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Risk Factor, Male and Female
Abstract
Adults with Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) frequently get bacterial infections that impact several urinary system components. All ages and both sexes affect with this infection. This infection, usually more susceptible to women, and has a higher prevalence compared to the men. In female the close anatomical relationship between urethra and the anus, menopause, poor personal hygiene, and pregnancy, some of the risk factors contributing to this high prevalence. Enterobacteriaceae, particularly E. coli, are typically the most common uropathogens associated with this infection, accounts for 80–90% of all isolates. Thus, this study reviews the risk factors and prevalence for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in adults. Since UTIs are a common infection and the primary cause of medical expenses, it is crucial to understand the risk factors that lead to these infections because they can act as a guide for individuals.
References
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Okonko IO, Ijandipe LA, Ilusanya OA, Donbraye-Emmanuel OB, Ejembi J,Udeze O, Egun OC, Fowotade A, Nkang AO: Incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) among Pregnant women in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria. Afr J Biotechnol 2009, 8:6649–6657.
Ethel S, Bhat GK, Hegde BM: Bacterial adherence and humoral immune response in women with symptomatic and asymptomatic urinary tract infection. Indian J Med Microbio 2006, 24:30–33.
Hooton TM, Scholes D, Hughes JP, et al. A prospective study of risk factors for symptomatic urinary tract infection in young women. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 468-474.
Omar HA, Aggerwal S, Perkins KC. Tampon use in young women. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 1998; 11: 143-146.
Smith HS, Hughes JP, Hooton TM, et al. Antecedent antimicrobial use increases the risk of uncomplicated cystitis in young women. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 25: 63-68.
Polk BF. Urinary tract infection in pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol1979;22:285–92. doi:10.1097/00003081-197906000-00005.
McCormick T, Ashe RG, Kearney PM. Urinary tract infection in pregnancy. The Obstetrician and Gynaecologist 2008; 10: 156-162.
Schnarr J, Smaill F. Asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic urinary tract infections in pregnancy. Eur J Clin Invest 2008; 38 (S2): 50-57.
Gilstrap LC 3rd, Cunningham FG, Whalley PJ. Acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy: an anterospective study. Obstet Gynecol 1981;57:409-13.
Tandogdu Z, Bartoletti R, Cai T, Çek M, Grabe M, Kulchavenya E, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in urosepsis: outcomes from the multinational, multicenter global prevalence of infections in urology (GPIU) study 2003–2013. World J Urology. 2016;34(8):1193-200.
Gilstrap LC, Ramin SM. Urinary tract infections during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2001;28:581-91.
Lipsky, B. A. (1989). Urinary tract infections in men. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Annals of Internal Medicine 110, 138–50.
Foxman B. Urinary tract infection syndromes: occurrence, recurrence, bacteriology, risk factors and disease burden. Infectious Dis Clinics. 2014;28(1):1-3.
Najar MS, Saldanha CL, Banday KA. Approach to urinary tract infections. Ind J Nephrol. 2009;19(4):129.
Nielubowicz GR, Mobley HL. Host–pathogen interactions in urinary tract infection. Nat. Rev. Urology. 2010;7(8):430-41.
Kline KA, Schwartz DJ, Lewis WG, Hultgren SJ, Lewis AL. Immune activation and suppression by group B streptococcus in a murine model of urinary tract infection. Infection and Immunity. 2011;79(9):3588-95.
Ronald A. The etiology of urinary tract infection: traditional and emerging pathogens. The American J Med. 2002;113(1):14-9.
Bharadwaj ND. Detection of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and salmonella typhi in drinking water of government institutions and organizations of gwalior city. Inter J Engineer. Sci and Res Technol. 2016;5(7):769-74.
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Russell JB, Jarvis GN. Practical mechanisms for interrupting the oral-fecal lifecycle of Escherichia coli. J Mol Microbiol and Biotech. 2001;3(2):265-72.
Todar K. Pathogenic E. coli. Online textbook of bacteriology. 2007;34-67.
Bagley ST, Seidler RJ, Talbot HW, Morrow JE. Isolation of Klebsielleae from within living wood. Applied and Environ. Microb. 1978;36(1):178-85.
Podschun R, Ullmann U. Klebsiella spp. as nosocomial pathogens: epidemiology, taxonomy, typing methods and pathogenicity factors. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998;11(4):589-603.
Bennett CJ, Young MN, Darrington H. Differences in urinary tract infections in male and female spinal cord injury patients on intermittent catheterization. Spinal Cord. 1995;33(2):69-72.
Masalha M, Borovok I, Schreiber R, Aharonowitz Y, Cohen G. Analysis of transcription of the Staphylococcus aureus aerobic class Ib and anaerobic class III ribonucleotide reductase genes in response to oxygen. J of Bacteriol. 2001 Dec 15; 183(24):7260-72.
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Muder RR, Brennen C, Rihs JD, Wagener MM, Obman A, Obman A, et al. Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from the urinary tract: association of isolation with symptomatic urinary tract infection and subsequent staphylococcal bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42(1):46-50.
Murray BE. The life and times of the Enterococcus. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1990;3(1):46-65.
Facklam R, Bosley GS, Rhoden D, Franklin AR, Weaver N, Schulman R. Comparative evaluation of the API 20S and Auto Microbic gram-positive identification systems for non-beta-hemolytic streptococci and aerococci. J Clin Microbiol. 1985;21(4):535-41.
Sahm DF, Torres CA. Effects of medium and inoculum variations on screening for high-level aminoglycoside resistance in Enterococcus faecalis. J Clin Microbiol. 1988;26(2):250-6.
Mittal R, Aggarwal S, Sharma S, Chhibber S, Harjai K. Urinary tract infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a minireview. J Inf and Public Health. 2009;2(3):101-11.
Woods DE, Schaffer MS, Rabin HR, Campbell GD, Sokol PA. Phenotypic comparison of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from a variety of clinical sites. J Clin Microbiol. 1986;24(2):260-64.
Jarvis WR, Martone WJ. Predominant pathogens in hospital infections. J Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 1992;29(suppl_A):19-24.
Schaffer JN, Pearson MM. Proteus mirabilis and urinary tract infections. Microbiology Spectrum. 2015;3(5).
Gow NA, Yadav B. Microbe profile: Candida albicans: a shape-changing, opportunistic pathogenic fungus of humans. Microbiology. 2017;163(8):1145-7.
Fisher JF, Sobel JD, Kauffman CA, Newman CA. Candida urinary tract infections-treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(suppl_6):S457-66.
Okonko IO, Ijandipe LA, Ilusanya OA, Donbraye-Emmanuel OB, Ejembi J,Udeze O, Egun OC, Fowotade A, Nkang AO: Incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) among Pregnant women in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria. Afr J Biotechnol 2009, 8:6649–6657.
Ethel S, Bhat GK, Hegde BM: Bacterial adherence and humoral immune response in women with symptomatic and asymptomatic urinary tract infection. Indian J Med Microbio 2006, 24:30–33.
Hooton TM, Scholes D, Hughes JP, et al. A prospective study of risk factors for symptomatic urinary tract infection in young women. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 468-474.
Omar HA, Aggerwal S, Perkins KC. Tampon use in young women. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 1998; 11: 143-146.
Smith HS, Hughes JP, Hooton TM, et al. Antecedent antimicrobial use increases the risk of uncomplicated cystitis in young women. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 25: 63-68.
Polk BF. Urinary tract infection in pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol1979;22:285–92. doi:10.1097/00003081-197906000-00005.
McCormick T, Ashe RG, Kearney PM. Urinary tract infection in pregnancy. The Obstetrician and Gynaecologist 2008; 10: 156-162.
Schnarr J, Smaill F. Asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic urinary tract infections in pregnancy. Eur J Clin Invest 2008; 38 (S2): 50-57.
Gilstrap LC 3rd, Cunningham FG, Whalley PJ. Acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy: an anterospective study. Obstet Gynecol 1981;57:409-13.
Tandogdu Z, Bartoletti R, Cai T, Çek M, Grabe M, Kulchavenya E, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in urosepsis: outcomes from the multinational, multicenter global prevalence of infections in urology (GPIU) study 2003–2013. World J Urology. 2016;34(8):1193-200.
Gilstrap LC, Ramin SM. Urinary tract infections during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2001;28:581-91.
Lipsky, B. A. (1989). Urinary tract infections in men. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Annals of Internal Medicine 110, 138–50.
Foxman B. Urinary tract infection syndromes: occurrence, recurrence, bacteriology, risk factors and disease burden. Infectious Dis Clinics. 2014;28(1):1-3.
Najar MS, Saldanha CL, Banday KA. Approach to urinary tract infections. Ind J Nephrol. 2009;19(4):129.
Nielubowicz GR, Mobley HL. Host–pathogen interactions in urinary tract infection. Nat. Rev. Urology. 2010;7(8):430-41.
Kline KA, Schwartz DJ, Lewis WG, Hultgren SJ, Lewis AL. Immune activation and suppression by group B streptococcus in a murine model of urinary tract infection. Infection and Immunity. 2011;79(9):3588-95.
Ronald A. The etiology of urinary tract infection: traditional and emerging pathogens. The American J Med. 2002;113(1):14-9.
Bharadwaj ND. Detection of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and salmonella typhi in drinking water of government institutions and organizations of gwalior city. Inter J Engineer. Sci and Res Technol. 2016;5(7):769-74.
Vogt RL, Dippold L. Escherichia coli O157: H7 outbreak associated with consumption of ground beef, June–July 2002. Public health reports. 2005;120(2):174-8.
Russell JB, Jarvis GN. Practical mechanisms for interrupting the oral-fecal lifecycle of Escherichia coli. J Mol Microbiol and Biotech. 2001;3(2):265-72.
Todar K. Pathogenic E. coli. Online textbook of bacteriology. 2007;34-67.
Bagley ST, Seidler RJ, Talbot HW, Morrow JE. Isolation of Klebsielleae from within living wood. Applied and Environ. Microb. 1978;36(1):178-85.
Podschun R, Ullmann U. Klebsiella spp. as nosocomial pathogens: epidemiology, taxonomy, typing methods and pathogenicity factors. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998;11(4):589-603.
Bennett CJ, Young MN, Darrington H. Differences in urinary tract infections in male and female spinal cord injury patients on intermittent catheterization. Spinal Cord. 1995;33(2):69-72.
Masalha M, Borovok I, Schreiber R, Aharonowitz Y, Cohen G. Analysis of transcription of the Staphylococcus aureus aerobic class Ib and anaerobic class III ribonucleotide reductase genes in response to oxygen. J of Bacteriol. 2001 Dec 15; 183(24):7260-72.
Souri S, Sharma AK, Sharma G. Inhibitory studies of some selected plant products as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). World J Pharm and Pharmaceut Sci. 2016;5(10):598.
Muder RR, Brennen C, Rihs JD, Wagener MM, Obman A, Obman A, et al. Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from the urinary tract: association of isolation with symptomatic urinary tract infection and subsequent staphylococcal bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42(1):46-50.
Murray BE. The life and times of the Enterococcus. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1990;3(1):46-65.
Facklam R, Bosley GS, Rhoden D, Franklin AR, Weaver N, Schulman R. Comparative evaluation of the API 20S and Auto Microbic gram-positive identification systems for non-beta-hemolytic streptococci and aerococci. J Clin Microbiol. 1985;21(4):535-41.
Sahm DF, Torres CA. Effects of medium and inoculum variations on screening for high-level aminoglycoside resistance in Enterococcus faecalis. J Clin Microbiol. 1988;26(2):250-6.
Mittal R, Aggarwal S, Sharma S, Chhibber S, Harjai K. Urinary tract infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a minireview. J Inf and Public Health. 2009;2(3):101-11.
Woods DE, Schaffer MS, Rabin HR, Campbell GD, Sokol PA. Phenotypic comparison of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from a variety of clinical sites. J Clin Microbiol. 1986;24(2):260-64.
Jarvis WR, Martone WJ. Predominant pathogens in hospital infections. J Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 1992;29(suppl_A):19-24.
Schaffer JN, Pearson MM. Proteus mirabilis and urinary tract infections. Microbiology Spectrum. 2015;3(5).
Gow NA, Yadav B. Microbe profile: Candida albicans: a shape-changing, opportunistic pathogenic fungus of humans. Microbiology. 2017;163(8):1145-7.
Fisher JF, Sobel JD, Kauffman CA, Newman CA. Candida urinary tract infections-treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(suppl_6):S457-66.
Published
2024-08-12
How to Cite
Mervet Abdul Hasan Mshachal, Huda Mushtaq Talib, Sundus Faisal Jaafar, & Shaymaa Walaa Mohammed. (2024). Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infections in Male and Female: A Review. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 5(4), 435-442. Retrieved from https://cajmns.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJMNS/article/view/2567
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Articles
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