Evaluation of the Proposed Physical Characteristics of Some Health Units in Tikrit General Teaching Hospital, Iraq.
Keywords:
Sewage, Pollution, Hospital Waste, Tap Water
Abstract
The physical properties of the liquid waste discharged from Tikrit Teaching Hospital were studied as one of the main problems of water pollution. One of the most harmful pollutants affecting surface water is sewage that leaks from hospitals into rivers directly without treatment. Physical examinations were conducted for a period of three months (October, November, and December) during the winter of the year (2023), and physical properties such as temperature, water turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and total suspended solids were measured. The results showed that all physical properties were higher than the control treatment of tap water entering the hospital and higher than the Iraqi standard criteria for drinking water.
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Al-Hasani, H.; Al-Sabahi, J.; Al-Ghafri, B.; Al-Hajri, R. and Al-Abri, M. (2022). Effect of water quality in photocatalytic degradation of phenol using zinc oxide nanorods under visible light irradiation. Journal of Water Process Engineering. 49: 103121.
Ali, M. S.; F. Hamed and S. Yasin, J. (2016). Basic Appl. Chem. 5:16-22
APHA, American Public Health Association (2003). St for the
APHA. (2005). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association (APHA): Washington, DC, USA, 21
Bhat, B.; Parveen, S. and Hassan, T. (2018). Seasonal assessment of physicochemical parameters and evaluation of water quality of river Yamuna, India. Advances in environmental technology. 4(1): 41-49.
Bouchez A.; (2016). Separate treatment of hospital and urban wastewaters: a real scale comparison of effluents and their effect on microbial communities, Science of the Total Environment. 542:965-975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.161
Dahham, O. S. and Zulkepli, N. N. (2020). Robust interface on ENR-50/TiO2 nanohybrid material based sol-gel technique: insights into synthesis, characterization and applications in optical. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 13(8): 6568-6579.
Dawoodi, Mariam Adnan Ibrahim (2020). The possibility of treating wastewater from Salah El Din General Hospital and the Medical Rehabilitation Hospital with environmentally friendly materials in Tikrit City, Master's Thesis, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Tikrit University.
Dunia Frontier Consultants (DFC). (2013). Water and Sewage Sectors in Iraq: Sector Report - February 2013. A report for Japan Cooperation Center for the Middle East (JCCME). Washington DC, Dubai, Kampala. Available online: http://www.meti.go.jp/meti_lib/report/2013fy/E002792.pdf.
Hussein, T.; Hussein, K.; Kazael, A. and Salman, S. (2018). Study of Pollution in Heavy Metals and Some Physico-Chemical Variables of Wastes Water from Kirkuk City Hospitals. Kirkuk Journal of Science. 13(2): 230-252.
Iman Karim Abbas Al-Mayahy. (2020). The impact of toxic medical waste discharged from government hospitals on the pollution of the aquatic environment in the city of Basra. Arab Gulf. 48(3): 169.
Khan, M. T.; Shah, I. A.; Ihsanullah, I.; Naushad, M.; Ali, S.; Shah, S. H. A. and Mohammad, A. W. (2021). Hospital wastewater as a source of environmental contamination: An overview of management practices, environmental risks, and treatment processes. Journal of Water Process Engineering. 41: 101990.
Kumarathilaka, P.; Jayawardhana, Y.; Dissanayaka, W.; Herath, I.; Weerasundara, L. and Vithange, M. (2015). General characteristics of hospital wastewater from three different hospitals in Sri Lanka. In 6th International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management 2015.
Kumarathilaka, P.; Jayawardhana, Y.; Dissanayaka, W.; Herath, I.; Weerasundara, L. and Vithanage, M. (2015). General characteristics of hospital wastewater from three different hospitals in Sri Lanka. In 6th International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management (pp. 11-13).
Mohammed, Kudair Mohammed (2022). Assessment of some physicochemical and biological properties of liquid waste from the Medicine City / Baghdad and their treatment with nano-techniques, Master's thesis, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Tikrit University.
Muhammad, Kamel Khalaf Hassan (2024). Evaluating the quality of wastewater discharged from Hawija Hospital and treating it using biological and nano methods. Master's thesis, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Tikrit University.
Nihad Khader Kazim. (2008). Climatic characteristics in Najaf Governorate and their impact on the pollution of the Kufa River during the year (2008). Journal of the College of Education for Girls for Humanities, (9).
Pandey, S. and Dwivedi, A. K. (2016). Nosocomial infections through hospital waste. International Journal of Waste Resources. 6(1): 1-3.
Perrodin, Y.; Christine, B.; Sylvie, B.; Alain, D.; Jean-Luc, B. K.; Cécile, C. O. and Elodie, B. (2013). A priori assessment of ecotoxicological risks linked to building a hospital. Chemosphere. 90(3): 1037-1046.
Rajamanickam, R. and Nagan, S. (2016). A study on water quality status of major lakes in Tamil Nadu. Int J Res Environ Sci. 2: 9-21.
Ramírez-Coronel, A. A.; Mohammadi, M. J.; Majdi, H. S.; Zabibah, R. S.; Taherian, M.; Prasetio, D. B. and Sarkohaki, S. (2023). Hospital wastewater treatment methods and its impact on human health and environments. Reviews on Environmental Health. (0).
Salem, D. A.D.; Hassan, M. H., Issa, A. R. and Ali, F. A.(2008). A Study of Some Determinants of pollution in the Wastewater of Hospitals in Najaf (Arabic). 215–232.
Weiner, E.D. (2000). Application of environmental chemistry. Lewis Publishers, London, New York.
Zaidan, T. H.; Abdul-Rahman, I. A. and Saaod, W. M. (2009). An Environmental Study of Chemical And Physical Pollutants in Euphrates River Water In Ramadi And Fallujah. Journal of university of Anbar for Pure science. 3(3): 107–117.
Published
2024-08-12
How to Cite
Mustafa A. H. AL-Jubori, Mazin N Fadhel al Sanjari, & Abid Ahmad Erdeni. (2024). Evaluation of the Proposed Physical Characteristics of Some Health Units in Tikrit General Teaching Hospital, Iraq. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 5(4), 419-427. Retrieved from https://cajmns.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJMNS/article/view/2564
Section
Articles
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