Activity of Superoxide Dismutase in Patients with Vitamin D3 Deficiency

Halla Hammed  Mahawish; Zainab Abd Al-hakeem  Rajab; Doaa Mohammed  Ahmed; Wisam Mahmood  Mohammed; Esraa Khudair  Farhan; Mohammed Daisam  Tuirki

Halla Hammed Mahawish Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, University of Fallujah, Iraq
Zainab Abd Al-hakeem Rajab Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, University of Fallujah, Iraq
Doaa Mohammed Ahmed Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, University of Fallujah, Iraq
Wisam Mahmood Mohammed Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, University of Fallujah, Iraq
Esraa Khudair Farhan Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, University of Fallujah, Iraq
Mohammed Daisam Tuirki Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, University of Fallujah, Iraq

Keywords: vitamin D, superoxide dismutase, fat-soluble vitamin

Abstract

Vitamin D, also known as vit D, is an important fat-soluble vitamin and steroid hormone that plays a crucial role in maintaining bone health and regulating calcium levels. In addition to its effects on the skeletal system, vit D also serves various functions in different target tissues, including the immune system, endocrine cells, heart, blood vessels, and pancreas. It exerts control over a significant portion of our genetic makeup, specifically about three percent of the human genome, which is involved in managing cell differentiation and the cell cycle. One member of the antioxidant enzyme family, known as superoxide dismutase (SOD), plays a vital role in regulating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by facilitating the conversion of the enzyme into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. SOD is classified as a metalloenzyme, meaning it requires a metal cofactor to carry out its functions. The specific type of metal ion that SOD relies on determines its particular form. The primary isoforms of SOD that bind to metal ions and scavenge superoxide are iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn). These metals present within the isoforms help differentiate and identify them. The three isoforms that catalyze the same interaction are named extracellular SOD3 (EC-SOD), cytosolic Cu-Zn-SOD (SOD1), and mitochondrial Mn-SOD (SOD2). The specific isoform of the proteins is determined by their subcellular locations and genes. Between July 21, 2022, and February 14, 2023, a collection of sixty samples was obtained, encompassing individuals aged 20 to 40. Using the device technique, the Mini Vidas were examined, showcasing its remarkable speed and accuracy in delivering results and its efficient utilization of elfa for early cancer detection. The study outcomes revealed that the D3 ratio ranged from 9.18 to 31.4 for men and 22.95 to 38.74 for women. Females exhibited a SOD ratio of 11.2 to 189.6, while males had a range of 3.44 to 190. Consequently, it can be inferred that women possess higher levels of vitamin D compared to males, despite males having higher levels of superoxide dismutase. The elevated proportion of vitamin D in females can be attributed to weight gain.

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