EVALUATION AND TREATMENT OF PB, CD, AND NI BY USING FOUR WATER PLANTS BELONGING TO (CERATOPHYLLUM SPP.) FOR WASTEWATER IN TIKRIT TEACHING HOSPITAL
Keywords:
Ceratophyllum, Pb, Cd, Ni, Phytoremediation, Pollution
Abstract
Four species of Ceratophyllum (Ceratophyllum demersum, Ceratophyllum echinatum, Ceratophyllum muricatum, and Ceratophyllum submersum) were exposed to high concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Ni in a water growing solution to determine their suitability for phytoremediation. All administered heavy metals had very poor translocation ratios to upper plant parts; as a result, metal uptake was restricted to the roots, especially Pb. The amount of metal in the nutrient solution and the genus of the water plants affected the species' capacity to extract and translocate Pb, Cd, and Ni. Comparing the examined species to comparable irrigation trials in the scientific literature, we find that their capacity to accumulate Cd in leaves is among the highest ever recorded. It was established which root development was preferable when encouraged by Cd. This species-specific reaction might be a component of a Cd resistance mechanism. The study showed a low level of dissolved oxygen and high concentrations of vital requirement for oxygen note that the level of DO decreases and BOD and COD increase annually due to the accumulation of pollutants in the river and the increase in population has been removed high levels of pollution with heavy metals using aquatic plants.
References
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28. HUANG J.W., CUNNINGHAM S.D. Lead Phytoremediation: species variation in lead uptake and translocation. New Phytol., 134, 75, 1996
29. BLAYLOCK M.J., SALT D.E., DUSHENKOV S., ZAKHAROVA O., GUSSMAN C. Enhanced accumulation of Pb in Indian mustard by soil-applied chelating agents. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31, 860, 1997.
30. HUANG J.W., CHEN J., BERTI W.R. Phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soils: Role of synthetic chelates in lead Phytoremediation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31, 800, 1997.
31. VASSIL A.D., KAPULNIK Y., RASKIN I., SALT D.E. The role of EDTA in lead transport and accumulation by Indian mustard. Plant Physiol. 117, 447, 1998.
32. WU J., HSU F.C., CUNNINGHAM S.D. Chelate-assisted Pb Phytoremediation: Pb availability, uptake, and translocation constraints. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, 1898, 1999.
33. ELLES M.P., BLAYLOCK M.J. Amendment optimization to enhance lead extractability from contaminated soils for phytoremediation. Int. J. Phytoremediat. 2, 75, 2000. 34. KIRKHAM M.B. EDTA-facilitated phytoremediation of soil with heavy metals from sewage sludge. Int. J. Phytoremediat. 2, 159, 2000.
34. SANTOS F.S., HERNÁNDEZ-ALLICA J., BECERRRIL J.M., AMARAL-SOBRINHO N., MAZUR N., GARBISU C. Chelate-induced Phytoremediation of metal polluted soils with Brachiaria decumbens. Chemosphere, 65, 43, 2006.
35. MEERS E., LESAGE E., LAMSAL S., HOPGOOD M., VERVAEKE P., TACK F.M.G., VERLOO M.G. Enhanced Phytoremediation: I. Effect of EDTA and citric acid on heavy metal mobility in a calcareous soil. Int. J. Phytoremediat. 7, 129, 2005.
36. HERNÁNDEZ-ALLICA J., GARBISU C., BARRUTIA O., BECERRIL J.M. EDTA-induced heavy metal accumulation and phytotoxicity in cardoon plants. Environ. Exp. Bot. 60, 26, 2007.
37. HU N., LUO Y., WU L., SONG J. A field lysimeter study of heavy metal movement down the profile of soils with multiple metal pollution during chelate-enhanced phytoremediation. Int. J. Phytoremediat. 9, 257, 2007.
38. HOUGH R.L., TYE A.M., CROUT N.M.J., MCGRATH S.P., ZHANG H., YOUNG S.D. Evaluating a ´Free Ion Activity Model´ applied to metal uptake by Lolium perenne L. grown in contaminated soils. Plant and Soil. 270, 1, 2005.
39. ZHANG H., ZHAO F., SUN B., DAVISON W., MCGRATH S.P. A new method to measure effective soil solution concentration predicts copper availability to plants. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 2602, 2001.
40. LACATUSU R., DUMITRU M., RISNOVEANU I., CIOBANU C., LUNGU M., CARSTEA S., KOVACSOVICS B., BACIU C. Soil pollution by acid rains and heavy metals in Zlatna region, Romania. In: D.E. Stott, R.H. Mohtar, G.C. Steinhardt (Eds.). Sustaining the Global Farm. Selected papers from 10th International Soil Conservation Organization Meeting, Purdue University, Indiana, pp. 817- 820, 2001.
41. BIERNACKA E., MALUSZYŃSKI M.J. The content of cadmium, lead, and selenium in soils from selected sites in Poland. Polish J. of Environ. Stud. 15 (2a), 7, 2006.
42. BRIX H., Macrophyte-mediated oxygen transfer in wetlands: transport mechanisms and rates. In: Moshiri, G.A., (Ed.), Constructed Wetland for Water Quality Improvement, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, London, Tokyo, pp. 391-398, 1993. 560 Borišev M., et al.
43. BURD G.I., DIXON D.G., GLICK B.R. Plant growth-promoting bacteria that decrease heavy metal toxicity in plants. Can. J. Microbiol. 46, 237, 2000.
44. KHAN A.G., KUEK C., CHAUDHRY T.M., KHOO C.S., HAYES W.J. Role of plants, mycorrhizae, and phytochelators in heavy metal contaminated land remediation. Chemosphere, 41, 197, 2000.
45. CHAO W., XIAO-CHEN L., LI-MIN Z., PEI-FANG W., ZHI-YONG G. Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni concentrations in vegetables concerning their extractable fractions in soils in suburban areas of Nanjing, China. Polish J. of Environ. Stud. 16 (2), 199, 2007.
46. BORGHI M., TOGNETTI R., MONTEFORTI G., SEBASTIANI L. Responses of Populus euramericana (P. deltoids x P. nigra) species Adda to increasing copper concentrations. Environ. Exp. Bot. 61, 66, 2007.
47. WATSON C., PULFORD I.D., RIDDELL-BLACK D. Screening of water plants species for resistance to heavy metals: comparison of performance in a hydroponics system and field trials. Int. J. Phytoremediation. 5, 351.
2. EBBS S.D., LASAT M.M., BRADY D.J., CORNISH J., GORDON R., KOCHIAN L.V. Phytoremediation of cadmium and zinc from a contaminated soil. J. Environ. Qual. 26, 1424, 1997.
3. STOLTZ E., GREGER M. Accumulation properties of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn by four wetland plant species growing on submerged mine tailings. Environ. Exper. Bot. 47 (3), 271, 2002.
4. BENNETT L.E., BURKHEAD J.L., HALE K.L., TERRY N., PILON M., PILON-SMITS E.A.H. Analysis of transgenic indian mustard plants for phytoremediation of metal contaminated mine tailings. J. Environ. Qual. 32, 432, 2003.
5. ŚWIERK K., BIELICKA A., BOJANOWSKA I., MAĆKIEWICZ. Investigation of heavy metals leaching from industrial wastewater sludge. Polish J. of Environ. Stud. 16 (3), 447, 2007.
6. HJORTENKRANS D.S.T., BERGBÄCK B.G., HÄGGERUD A.V. Metal emissions from brake linings and tires: Case studies of Stockholm, Sweden 1995/1998 and 2005. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41, 5224, 2007.
7. PILON-SMITHS E. Phytoremediation. Annu. Rev. Plant. Biol. 56, 15, 2005.
8. PADMAVATHIAMMA P.K., LI L.Y. Phytoremediation Technology: Hyper-accumulation Metals in Plants. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. On line: DOI 10.1007/s11270-007-9401-5, 2007.
9. CHANEY R.L., LI Y.M., SALLY L., BROWN S.L., HOMER F.A., MALIK M., ANGLE J.S., BAKER A.J.M., REEVES R.D., CHIN M. Improving metal hyperaccumulator wild plants to develop commercial Phytoremedation systems: approaches and progress. In: Terry, N., Bañuelos, G., (Eds.), Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil and Water, Boca Raton: Lewis, pp. 129-158, 2000.
10. PULFORD I.D., WATSON C. Phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated land by trees-a review. Environ. Int. 29, 529, 2003.
11. RIDDELL-BLACK D. A review of the potential for the use of trees in the rehabilitation of contaminated land. WRc Report CO 3467. Water Research Centre, Medmenham. 1993.
12. MERTENS J., VERVAEKE P., MEERS E., TACK F.M.G. Seasonal changes of metals in Water plants (Ceratophyllum sp.) stands for phytoremediation on dredged sediment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40, 1962, 2006.
13. GREGER M., LANDBERG T. Use of water plants in Phytoremedation. Int. J. Phytoremediation. 1, (2), 115, 1999.
14. PUNSHON T., DICKINSON N.M. Heavy metal resistance and accumulation characteristics in water plants. Int. J. Phytoremediation. 1, 361, 1999.
15. COSIO C., VOLLENWEIDER P., KELLER C. Localization and effects of cadmium in leaves of a cadmium-tolerant water plant (Ceratophyllum viminalis L.) I Microlocalization and phytotoxic effects of cadmium. Environ. Exp. Bot. 58, 64, 2006.
16. DOS SANTOS UTMAZIAN M.N., WIESHAMMER G., VEGA R., WENZEL W.W. Hydroponic screening for metal resistance and accumulation of cadmium and zinc in twenty species of water plants and poplars. Environ. Pollut. 148, 155, 2007.
17. KLANG-WESTIN E., ERIKSSON J. Potential of Ceratophyllum as phytoextractor for Cd on moderately contaminated soils. Plant Soil, 249, 127, 2003.
18. LUX A., MASAROVICOVÀ E., LISKOVA D., SOTTNIKOVA-STEFANOVICOVA A., LUNACKOVA L., MARCEKOVA M. Physiological and structural characteristics and in vitro cultivation of some water plants and poplars. Proceedings of the Cost Action 837, Bordeaux, 25-27 April 2002.
19. LUNACKOVÀ L., MASAROVICOVÀ E., KRÀL'OVÀ K., STREŠKO V. Response of fast-growing woody plants from family Salicaceae to cadmium treatment. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 70, 576, 2003.
20. APHA, Method 3111 C, Direct Air-Acethylene Flame Method, In Eaton A.D., Clesceri L.S., Greenberg A.E. (Eds.), Standards Methods of the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 19th ed., American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation, Washington, 1995.
21. GUSSARSSON M. Cadmium-induced alterations in nutrient composition and growth of Betula pendula seedlings: the significance of fine roots as a primary target for cadmium toxicity. J. Plant. Nutr. 17, 2151, 1994.
22. LANDBERG T., GREGER M. Differences in uptake and tolerance to heavy metals in Ceratophyllum from unpolluted and polluted areas. Appl Geochem. 11, 175, 1996.
23. GALARDI F., CORRALES I., MENGONI A., PUCCI S., BARLETTI L., BARZANTI R., ARNETOLI M., GABRIELLE R., GONNELLI C. Intra-specific differences in nickel tolerance and accumulation in the Ni-hyperaccumulator Alyssum bertolonii. Environ. Exp. Bot. 60, 377, 2007.
24. BAKER A.J.M., WALKER P.L. Ecophysiology of metal uptake by tolerant plants. In: Shaw, A.J.(Ed.), Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants: Evolutionary Aspects, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL., pp. 155-177, 1990.
25. MALKOWSKI E., KURTYKA R., KITA A., KARCZ W. Accumulation of Pb and Cd and its effect on Ca distribution in maize seedlings (Zea mays L.). Polish J. of Environ. Stud. 14, 203, 2005.
26. KURTYKA R., MALKOWSKI E., KITA A., KARCZ W. Effect of calcium and cadmium on growth and accumulation of cadmium, calcium, potassium and sodium in maize seedlings. Polish J. of Environ. Stud. 17 (1), 51, 2007.
27. BAKER A.J.M. Accumulators and excluders-strategies in response of plants to heavy metals. J. Plant Nutr. 3, 643, 1981.
28. HUANG J.W., CUNNINGHAM S.D. Lead Phytoremediation: species variation in lead uptake and translocation. New Phytol., 134, 75, 1996
29. BLAYLOCK M.J., SALT D.E., DUSHENKOV S., ZAKHAROVA O., GUSSMAN C. Enhanced accumulation of Pb in Indian mustard by soil-applied chelating agents. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31, 860, 1997.
30. HUANG J.W., CHEN J., BERTI W.R. Phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soils: Role of synthetic chelates in lead Phytoremediation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31, 800, 1997.
31. VASSIL A.D., KAPULNIK Y., RASKIN I., SALT D.E. The role of EDTA in lead transport and accumulation by Indian mustard. Plant Physiol. 117, 447, 1998.
32. WU J., HSU F.C., CUNNINGHAM S.D. Chelate-assisted Pb Phytoremediation: Pb availability, uptake, and translocation constraints. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, 1898, 1999.
33. ELLES M.P., BLAYLOCK M.J. Amendment optimization to enhance lead extractability from contaminated soils for phytoremediation. Int. J. Phytoremediat. 2, 75, 2000. 34. KIRKHAM M.B. EDTA-facilitated phytoremediation of soil with heavy metals from sewage sludge. Int. J. Phytoremediat. 2, 159, 2000.
34. SANTOS F.S., HERNÁNDEZ-ALLICA J., BECERRRIL J.M., AMARAL-SOBRINHO N., MAZUR N., GARBISU C. Chelate-induced Phytoremediation of metal polluted soils with Brachiaria decumbens. Chemosphere, 65, 43, 2006.
35. MEERS E., LESAGE E., LAMSAL S., HOPGOOD M., VERVAEKE P., TACK F.M.G., VERLOO M.G. Enhanced Phytoremediation: I. Effect of EDTA and citric acid on heavy metal mobility in a calcareous soil. Int. J. Phytoremediat. 7, 129, 2005.
36. HERNÁNDEZ-ALLICA J., GARBISU C., BARRUTIA O., BECERRIL J.M. EDTA-induced heavy metal accumulation and phytotoxicity in cardoon plants. Environ. Exp. Bot. 60, 26, 2007.
37. HU N., LUO Y., WU L., SONG J. A field lysimeter study of heavy metal movement down the profile of soils with multiple metal pollution during chelate-enhanced phytoremediation. Int. J. Phytoremediat. 9, 257, 2007.
38. HOUGH R.L., TYE A.M., CROUT N.M.J., MCGRATH S.P., ZHANG H., YOUNG S.D. Evaluating a ´Free Ion Activity Model´ applied to metal uptake by Lolium perenne L. grown in contaminated soils. Plant and Soil. 270, 1, 2005.
39. ZHANG H., ZHAO F., SUN B., DAVISON W., MCGRATH S.P. A new method to measure effective soil solution concentration predicts copper availability to plants. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 2602, 2001.
40. LACATUSU R., DUMITRU M., RISNOVEANU I., CIOBANU C., LUNGU M., CARSTEA S., KOVACSOVICS B., BACIU C. Soil pollution by acid rains and heavy metals in Zlatna region, Romania. In: D.E. Stott, R.H. Mohtar, G.C. Steinhardt (Eds.). Sustaining the Global Farm. Selected papers from 10th International Soil Conservation Organization Meeting, Purdue University, Indiana, pp. 817- 820, 2001.
41. BIERNACKA E., MALUSZYŃSKI M.J. The content of cadmium, lead, and selenium in soils from selected sites in Poland. Polish J. of Environ. Stud. 15 (2a), 7, 2006.
42. BRIX H., Macrophyte-mediated oxygen transfer in wetlands: transport mechanisms and rates. In: Moshiri, G.A., (Ed.), Constructed Wetland for Water Quality Improvement, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, London, Tokyo, pp. 391-398, 1993. 560 Borišev M., et al.
43. BURD G.I., DIXON D.G., GLICK B.R. Plant growth-promoting bacteria that decrease heavy metal toxicity in plants. Can. J. Microbiol. 46, 237, 2000.
44. KHAN A.G., KUEK C., CHAUDHRY T.M., KHOO C.S., HAYES W.J. Role of plants, mycorrhizae, and phytochelators in heavy metal contaminated land remediation. Chemosphere, 41, 197, 2000.
45. CHAO W., XIAO-CHEN L., LI-MIN Z., PEI-FANG W., ZHI-YONG G. Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni concentrations in vegetables concerning their extractable fractions in soils in suburban areas of Nanjing, China. Polish J. of Environ. Stud. 16 (2), 199, 2007.
46. BORGHI M., TOGNETTI R., MONTEFORTI G., SEBASTIANI L. Responses of Populus euramericana (P. deltoids x P. nigra) species Adda to increasing copper concentrations. Environ. Exp. Bot. 61, 66, 2007.
47. WATSON C., PULFORD I.D., RIDDELL-BLACK D. Screening of water plants species for resistance to heavy metals: comparison of performance in a hydroponics system and field trials. Int. J. Phytoremediation. 5, 351.
How to Cite
Mwafaq Anhab Saleh, Mwafaq Anhab Saleh, Mohammad Adnan Alblesh, & Wissam Jassim Mohammed. (1). EVALUATION AND TREATMENT OF PB, CD, AND NI BY USING FOUR WATER PLANTS BELONGING TO (CERATOPHYLLUM SPP.) FOR WASTEWATER IN TIKRIT TEACHING HOSPITAL. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 5(1), 233-248. Retrieved from https://cajmns.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJMNS/article/view/2308
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