SPECTROSCOPY, THERMAL ANALYSIS, BIOAVAILABILITY AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF COPPER (II) COMPLEX WITH HETEROCYCLIC AZO DYE LIGAND

Abstract

In this study, we investigate the binding of copper ion to a unique compound called (E)-2-((4, 5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) diazenyl) benzoic acid (IABA). Through various tests, including spectroscopy, physical analysis, and thermal measurements, we were able to confirm the structures of the synthesized compounds. Our results showed that the copper (II) complexes had a 1:2 ratio of metal ions to IABA ligand.

The ligand made up of azo dye dazzles the copper ion with its three distinct arms, featuring the mighty nitrogen atom of the azo component, the nitrogen atom of the azo group in the heterocyclic imidazole ring, and finally the oxygen atom of the carboxyl group. Thermal analysis techniques such as thermogravimetry and differential thermogravimetry were utilized to demonstrate the thermal properties of the copper complexes, revealing their higher degree of stability compared to the ligands.

The ligand and copper (II) complex that was prepared displayed noteworthy effects against cancer, with an IC50 value indicating its capacity to hinder the growth of malignant cells. The IC50 values for cytotoxicity against WRI-68 were recorded at 185.7 μg/ml for the ligand and 200.7 μg/ml for the copper (II) complex, while the specific cytotoxicity of the copper (II) complex did not align with the targeted disease cell lines, with IC50 values of 100.1 μg/ml and 330.1 μg/ml for WRI-68. The Cu (II) complexes showed strong effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of both Streptococcus (gram-positive bacteria) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (gram-negative bacteria).