DETERMINANTS CONTRIBUTING TO ADHERENCE WITH ANTIRETROVIRAL REGIMEN OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS IN BABCOCK UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL
Keywords:
Antiretroviral Regimen, HIV/AIDS, Babcock University Teaching Hospital
Abstract
This study investigated the determinant factors contributing to adherence to an antiretroviral regimen of people living with HIV/AIDS attending Babcock University Teaching Hospital. The research design used was a cross sectional descriptive study. The population consist of the entire people living with HIV/AIDS in Babcock University Teaching Hospital. The study size used comprised of 124 HIV patients. And purposive sampling techniques were used to select the sample population. Data was collected through the use of structured self-administered questionnaires with open-ended questions and was analyzed using SPSS version 21. The findings of this study showed that half of the respondents perceive that regular adherence to ART regimen would disallow the spread of HIV to their contacts, quite a number of the respondents do not perceive that adherence to ART regimen would remove HIV/AIDS stigma in their life because regular intake of the drug would disallow the community from knowing they are retroviral positive. Based on the findings of the study it is recommended that more information, education, and communication campaigns targeted at the general public are required to eliminate or reduce stigma to the barest minimum.
References
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33. McKinney O., Modeste N.N., Lee J.W., Gleason P.C. & Maynard-Tucker G., (2016). Determinants of antiretroviral therapy adherence among women in southern Malawi: healthcare providers' perspectives. AIDS Res Treat.; 489370.
34. Monjok, E., Smesny, A., Okokon, I. B., Mgbere, O., & Essien, E. J., (2018). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria: an overview of research studies and implications for policy and practice. HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care:2 69–76.
35. Morowastisharifabad, M. A., Movahed, E., Farokhzadian, J., Nikooie, R., Hosseinzadeh, M., Askarishahi, M., & Bidaki, R., (2019). Antiretroviral therapy adherence and its determinant factors among people living with HIV/AIDS: a case study in Iran. BMC Res Notes. 12:162 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4204-5
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40. Oku A.O., Owoaje E.T., Ige O.K. & Oyo-Ita, A., (2013). Prevalence and determinants of adherence to HAART amongst PLHIV in a tertiary health facility in south-south Nigeria. BMC Infectious Diseases BMC-I Disease Infectiousness. 13, 1-9.
41. Oliveira L.S, Caixeta L.M, Martins J.L.R. (2018). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and correlation with adverse effects and coinfections in people living with HIV/AIDS in the municipality of Goiás State. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2018;51(4):436–444. doi:10.1590/0037-8682- 0467-2017.
42. PEPFAR, (2019). Large National Survey Shows Smaller HIV Epidemic in Nigeria Than Once Thought and Highlights Key Gaps Toward Reaching HIV Epidemic Control'. Retrieved on 25th October 26, 2020 from https://www.pepfar.gov/press/releases/290345.htm
43. Potchoo Y.,Tchamdja K, Balogou A., Vincent P , Guissou & Etienne (2010). Knowledge and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adult people living with HIV/AIDS treated in the health care centers of the association "Espoir Vie Togo" in Togo, West Africa, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6904/10/11/prepub
44. Protein Data Bank, (2018). HIV Capsid. Retrieved from https://pdb101.rcsb.org/motm/135 on 14th of August, 2020.
45. Protein Data Bank, (2014). HIV Envelope Glycoprotein. Retrieved from https://pdb101.rcsb.org/motm/169 on 14th of August, 2020.
46. Pruthi, S., (2018). Diagnosis and Treatment of HIV/AIDS. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373531 on 25th October 26, 2020
47. Reda, A. A., & Biadgilign, S., (2012). Determinants of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV-Infected Patients in Africa. Hindawi Publishing Corporation AIDS Research and Treatment Volume 2012, Article ID 574656, 8 pages doi:10.1155/2012/574656.
48. Shet A, De Costa A, Heylen E, Shastri S, Chandy S, & Ekstrand M., (2017). High rates of adherence and treatment success in a public and public-private HIV clinic in India: potential benefits of standardized national care delivery systems. BMC health services research; 11(1):277.doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-11-277.
49. Shubber Z, Mills EJ, Nachega JB, Vreeman R, Freitas M, & Bock P, (2016). Patient Reported Barriers to Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS Med. 2016;13(11):e1002183.
50. Suryana, K., Suharsono, H., & ANtara, G. P., (2019). Factors associated with adherence to anti-retroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS at Wangaya Hospital in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study. HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care:11.
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56. Wasti SP, Simkhada P, Randall J, Freeman JV, van Teijlingen E., (2012). Factors Influencing Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment in Nepal: A MixedMethods Study. PLOS ONE. 7(5)
57. World Health Organization (2015). Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. WHO. 3, 23.
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2. http://www.unaids.org/en/ resources/documents/2019/Global-AIDS-update-2019
3. Achappa B., Madi D., Bhaskaran U., Ramapuram J., Satish R. & Soundarya M.,(2016).
4. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV. North American
5. Journal of Medical Sciences, 5 (3).|
6. Advisory Committee Blood (Arbeitskreis Blut) (2016). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transfusion medicine and hemotherapy: offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie, 43 (3), 203–222.
7. Agboeze, J., Onwe, E. O., Onoh,R., Nwali,I. M., Ukaegbe, C., & Adeoye, I., (2018). Determinants of adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-Positive women accessing prevention of mother to child transmission services in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2018; 8:248-253.
8. Andrew, K., (2019). What Are HIV and AIDS? Retrieved on 25th October 26, 2020 from https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/what-are-hiv-and-aids
9. AIDSinfo, (2018). The Stages of HIV Infection. Retrieved from https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv-aids/fact-sheets/19/46/the-stages-of-hiv-infection on 14th of August, 2020.
10. Avert, (2019). The Science of HIV and AIDS - Overview. Retrieved from https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-science/overview on 14th of August, 2020.
11. Avert, (2019). Symptoms and stages of HIV infection. Retrieved from https://www.avert.org/about-hiv-aids/symptoms-stages on 25th October 26, 2020
12. Azia IN, Mukumbang FC, Van Wyk B., (2016). Barriers to adherence to antiretroviral treatment in a regional hospital in Vredenburg, Western Cape, South Africa. S Afr J HIV Med. 17(1) 476. doi:10.4102/sajhivmed.v17i1.476.
13. Carter, A., (2019). Understanding ART for HIV. Retrieved from
https://www.healthline.com/health/hiv-aids/understanding-the-aids-cocktail#takeaway
on 25th October 26, 2020
14. Chirambo, L., Valeta, M., Kamanga, T. M., & Nyondo-Mipando, A. L., (2019). Factors influencing adherence to antiretroviral treatment among adults accessing care from private health facilities in Malawi. BMC Public Health. 19:1382 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7768-z.
15. Cohen, MS et al (2016). The detection of acute HIV infection. Clin Inf Dis, Vol 202, S270-277.
16. CDC, (2019). HIV Basics. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/index.html on 14th of August, 2020.
17. Department of Health and Human Services, (2018). Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Pediatric HIV Infection. Retrieved from
https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/html/2/pediatric-arv/47/introduction on 14th of August, 2020.
18. Dorfman D. & Saag M.S. (2014). Decline in locomotor functions over time in HIV-infected patients-AIDS, 28, (153) 1–2.
19. Ekpo C.G. & Aiyedun T.G. (2017). Environmental Education: Essential tool for the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals in the 21st Century Nigeria. The Researcher: A Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 1(1), 124- 142.
http://www.researchersjournal.org/j2/papers/v1n1g.pdf
20. Fitzpatrick J.J. & McCarthy G. (2016). Nursing Concept Analysis: Applications to Research and Practice. Springer.
21. Global Aids Update, (2019). AIDS Update. http://www.unaids.org/en/ resources/documents/2019/Global-AIDS-update-2019
22. Heestermans, T., Browne, J. L., Aitken, S. C., Vervoort, S. C., & Klipstein-Grobusch, K., (2016). Determinants of adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive adults in subSaharan Africa: a systematic review. BMJ Global Health. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2016- 000125.
23. Hornschuh S, Dietrich JJ, Tshabalal C, Laher F., (2017). Antiretroviral treatment adherence knowledge and experience among adolescents and young adults in Soweto South Africa. AIDS Res Treat. 1– 8. doi:10.1155/2017/5192516.
24. i-base, (2019). The HIV Lifecycle in detail. Retrieved from http://i-base.info/guides/art-in-pictures/the-hiv-lifecycle-in-detail on 14th of August, 2020.
25. i-base, (2019). Why adherence is so important. Retrieved on 25th October 26, 2020 from https://i-base.info/guides/starting/adherence
26. Idowu, A. A., Oluwasegun, A. A., Michael, O., Olatunde-Aiyedun, T. G., & Jacob, O. N. (2021). Prevalence and the risk factors associated with HIV-TB co-infection among clinic attendees in dots and art centres in Ibadan, Nigeria. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences, 2(3), 73-87. Retrieved from http://cajmns.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJMNS/article/view/177
27. Jones D., Cook R. & Spence A. (2014). Antiretroviral therapy in Zambia: do partners on ART enhance adherence? J. Int. Assoc. Provid. AIDS Care. 13, 497–500.
28. Kharsany A.B.M. & Karim Q.A. (2016, April 08). HIV infection and AIDS in Subsaharan Africa: current status, challenges and opportunities. Open AIDS J. 10, 34-48.
29. Lyu, C. & Zhang, L., (2019). Concept analysis of adherence. Sciendo. Frontiers of Nursing. 6; 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/FON-2019-0013.
30. Mabunda, K., Ngamasana, E. L., Babalola, J. O., Zunza, M. & Nyasulu, P. (2019). Determinants of adherence to antiretroviral treatment among human immunodeficiency virus infected young adults attending care at Letaba Hospital HIV Clinic, Limpopo Province, South Africa. PAMJ. Volume 32, Article 37. 10.11604/pamj.2019.32.37.17722
31. Mbengue, M. A., Sarr, S. O., Diop, A., Ndour, C. T., Ndiaye, B., & Mboup, S., (2019). Prevalence and determinants of adherence to antiretroviral treatment among HIV patients on first-line regimen: a cross-sectional study in Dakar, Senegal. The Pan African Medical Journal. 2019;33:95. doi:10.11604/pamj.2019.33.95.17248.
32. Mbuagbaw L, Thabane L. & Ongolo-Zogo P. (2012). Trends and determining factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Cameroon: a systematic review and analysis of the CAMPS trial. AIDS Res Ther, 9, 1–10.
33. McKinney O., Modeste N.N., Lee J.W., Gleason P.C. & Maynard-Tucker G., (2016). Determinants of antiretroviral therapy adherence among women in southern Malawi: healthcare providers' perspectives. AIDS Res Treat.; 489370.
34. Monjok, E., Smesny, A., Okokon, I. B., Mgbere, O., & Essien, E. J., (2018). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria: an overview of research studies and implications for policy and practice. HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care:2 69–76.
35. Morowastisharifabad, M. A., Movahed, E., Farokhzadian, J., Nikooie, R., Hosseinzadeh, M., Askarishahi, M., & Bidaki, R., (2019). Antiretroviral therapy adherence and its determinant factors among people living with HIV/AIDS: a case study in Iran. BMC Res Notes. 12:162 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4204-5
36. NACA (2017). ‘National Strategic Framework on HIV and AIDS: 2017 -2021’ [pdf]
37. NAM aidsmap, (2019). Factsheet: HIV lifecycle. Retrieved from http://www.aidsmap.com/HIV-lifecycle/page/1044602/ on 14th of August, 2020.
38. Ojelade, I.A., Aiyedun, T.G. & Aregebesola, B.G. (2019). Environmental Education as an Instrument for awareness creation on the health effects of water contamination in Saburi Community of Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria. The Researcher: A Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 2 (1), 1- 16. http://www.researchersjournal.org/j2/papers/v2n1a.pdf
39. Okoronkwo, I., Okeke, U., Chinwueba, A., & Iheanacho, P., (2017). "Nonadherence Factors and Sociodemographic Characteristics of HIV-Infected Adults Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria", International Scholarly Research Notices, 43794, 8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/843794
40. Oku A.O., Owoaje E.T., Ige O.K. & Oyo-Ita, A., (2013). Prevalence and determinants of adherence to HAART amongst PLHIV in a tertiary health facility in south-south Nigeria. BMC Infectious Diseases BMC-I Disease Infectiousness. 13, 1-9.
41. Oliveira L.S, Caixeta L.M, Martins J.L.R. (2018). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and correlation with adverse effects and coinfections in people living with HIV/AIDS in the municipality of Goiás State. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2018;51(4):436–444. doi:10.1590/0037-8682- 0467-2017.
42. PEPFAR, (2019). Large National Survey Shows Smaller HIV Epidemic in Nigeria Than Once Thought and Highlights Key Gaps Toward Reaching HIV Epidemic Control'. Retrieved on 25th October 26, 2020 from https://www.pepfar.gov/press/releases/290345.htm
43. Potchoo Y.,Tchamdja K, Balogou A., Vincent P , Guissou & Etienne (2010). Knowledge and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adult people living with HIV/AIDS treated in the health care centers of the association "Espoir Vie Togo" in Togo, West Africa, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6904/10/11/prepub
44. Protein Data Bank, (2018). HIV Capsid. Retrieved from https://pdb101.rcsb.org/motm/135 on 14th of August, 2020.
45. Protein Data Bank, (2014). HIV Envelope Glycoprotein. Retrieved from https://pdb101.rcsb.org/motm/169 on 14th of August, 2020.
46. Pruthi, S., (2018). Diagnosis and Treatment of HIV/AIDS. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373531 on 25th October 26, 2020
47. Reda, A. A., & Biadgilign, S., (2012). Determinants of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV-Infected Patients in Africa. Hindawi Publishing Corporation AIDS Research and Treatment Volume 2012, Article ID 574656, 8 pages doi:10.1155/2012/574656.
48. Shet A, De Costa A, Heylen E, Shastri S, Chandy S, & Ekstrand M., (2017). High rates of adherence and treatment success in a public and public-private HIV clinic in India: potential benefits of standardized national care delivery systems. BMC health services research; 11(1):277.doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-11-277.
49. Shubber Z, Mills EJ, Nachega JB, Vreeman R, Freitas M, & Bock P, (2016). Patient Reported Barriers to Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS Med. 2016;13(11):e1002183.
50. Suryana, K., Suharsono, H., & ANtara, G. P., (2019). Factors associated with adherence to anti-retroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS at Wangaya Hospital in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study. HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care:11.
51. UNAIDS (2017). Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS. Factsheet, Global HIV Statistics, 1-8.
52. UNAIDS (2018). 'AIDSinfo'. Retrieved on 25th October 26, 2020 from http://aidsinfo.unaids.org/
53. Usman, S. A., Shehu, A., Ajumobi, O., Gidado, S., Dalhatu, I., Balogun, M., Riyad, M., Saude, I., Adewuyi, P., & Nsubuga, P. (2017). Predictors of non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV patients in secondary health care facilities in Kano State- Nigeria, a case-control study. PAMJ. 32 (1), 3-21. 10.11604/pamj.supp.2019.32.1.13746.
54. Van Dulmen S, Sluijs E, Van Dijk L, De Ridder D, Heerdink R. & Bensing J. (2017). Patient adherence to medical treatment: a review of reviews. BMC Health Serv Res; 7:1.
55. Venkatesh K.K., Srikrishnan A. & Mayer K.H. (2017). Predictors of nonadherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected South Indians in clinical care: implications for developing adherence interventions in resource-limited settings. AIDS Patient Care STDS; 24(12):795-803.
56. Wasti SP, Simkhada P, Randall J, Freeman JV, van Teijlingen E., (2012). Factors Influencing Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment in Nepal: A MixedMethods Study. PLOS ONE. 7(5)
57. World Health Organization (2015). Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. WHO. 3, 23.
58. WHO, (2020). HIV/AIDS. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids on 25th October 26, 2020
Published
2021-06-19
How to Cite
Ayinde Abayomi Oluwaseun, Ohue Michael Utomiabhi, Ayinde Taiwo Oluwaseun, Adeloye Adewale Idowu, Adeleke A. J., Olatunde-Aiyedun, T. G, & Ogunode Niyi Jacob. (2021). DETERMINANTS CONTRIBUTING TO ADHERENCE WITH ANTIRETROVIRAL REGIMEN OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS IN BABCOCK UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 2(3), 253-270. https://doi.org/10.17605/cajmns.v2i3.210
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