Study of the Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extracts on the Activity of Cardiac Enzymes LDH, CK-MB using Spectroscopic Methods
Keywords:
Enzymes, Ginkgo Biloba, Inhibition, Myocardial infarction, LDH, CK-MB
Abstract
Acute cessation of coronary blood flow leads to myocardial necrosis, which is referred to as myocardial infarction (MI). Myocardial infarction always occurs due to atherosclerosis. The present study is designed to investigate cardiac effects from aqueous and alcoholic ginkgo leaf extracts on human serum in patients with myocardial infarction. This study was conducted between December 2021 and March 2022. Clinical tests included the inclusion of (60) patients diagnosed with myocardial disease and (40) others who were in good health as an officer group. The serum of these samples was analyzed for activity (ALP, AST, ALT, LDH, and CK-MB) using spectroscopy methods. Then the extracts of Ginkgo Biloba leaves (aqueous and alcoholic) were applied to each patient's serum and the LDH, and the CK-MB inhibition ratio was measured to verify their effects, and the results showed a rise in the activity of the five enzymes of myocardial infarction patients, with good inhibition rates for both extractors on the effectiveness of enzymes (LDH, CK-MB) and the type of inhibition was non-competitive. SPSS-26 was used for intermediate comparisons by independent t-test.
References
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3. S. Bhatia, Introduction to enzymes and their applications, no. October. 2018.
4. D. Herries, “Enzymes as catalysts in Organic Synthesis,” Biochemical Education, vol. 13, no. 1. p. 42, 1985, doi: 10.1016/0307-4412(85)90151-7.
5. C. Whittington, J. Latham, and A. R. Offenbacher, “Tunneling through the Barriers: Resolving the Origins of the Activation of C-H Bonds Catalyzed by Enzymes,” ACS Symp. Ser., vol. 1357, no. February 2021, pp. 139–160, 2020, doi: 10.1021/bk-2020-1357.ch007.
6. M. J. Ivars, “No Titleトランス・トランスレーションの分子メカニズム,” 生化学, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 213–221, 2007.
7. D. A. Bonilla et al., Metabolic basis of creatine in health and disease: A bioinformatics-assisted review, vol. 13, no. 4. 2021.
8. S. Aydin, K. Ugur, S. Aydin, İ. Sahin, and M. Yardim, “Biomarkers in acute myocardial infarction: Current perspectives,” Vasc. Health Risk Manag., vol. 15, pp. 1–10, 2019, doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S166157.
9. M. Drent, N. A. M. Cobben, R. F. Henderson, E. F. M. Wouters, and M. Van Dieijen-Visser, “Usefulness of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes as indicators of lung damage or inflammation,” Eur. Respir. J., vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 1736–1742, 1996, doi: 10.1183/09031936.96.09081736.
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11. C. W. Zhang, C. Z. Wang, and R. Tao, “Characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from enzymatic hydrolysate of Ginkgo biloba leaves,” J. Food Biochem., vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 1–7, 2017, doi: 10.1111/jfbc.12352.
12. H. M. R. Abdel-Latif, B. M. Hendam, M. I. Nofal, and M. A. M. El-Son, “Ginkgo biloba leaf extract improves growth, intestinal histomorphometry, immunity, antioxidant status and modulates transcription of cytokine genes in hapa-reared Oreochromis niloticus,” Fish Shellfish Immunol., vol. 117, no. March, pp. 339–349, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.06.003.
13. G. Achete De Souza, S. V. De Marqui, J. N. Matias, E. L. Guiguer, and S. M. Barbalho, “Effects of Ginkgo biloba on Diseases Related to Oxidative Stress,” Planta Med., vol. 86, no. 6, pp. 376–386, 2020, doi: 10.1055/a-1109-3405.
14. T. K. Mohanta, Y. Tamboli, and P. K. Zubaidha, “Phytochemical and medicinal importance of Ginkgo biloba L.,” Nat. Prod. Res., vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 746–752, 2014, doi: 10.1080/14786419.2013.879303.
15. L. Zhang, T. Wu, W. Xiao, Z. Wang, G. Ding, and L. Zhao, “Enrichment and Purification of Total Ginkgo Flavonoid O-Glycosides from Ginkgo Biloba Extract with Macroporous Resin and Evaluation of Anti-Inflammation Activities In Vitro,” Molecules, vol. 23, no. 5, 2018, doi: 10.3390/molecules23051167.
16. J. Kobus-Cisowska, E. Flaczyk, M. Rudzińska, and D. Kmiecik, “Antioxidant properties of extracts from Ginkgo biloba leaves in meatballs,” Meat Sci., vol. 97, no. 2, pp. 174–180, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.01.011.
17. A. K. Ibraheem, M. Z. Thani, and M. T. Mohammed, “Determination of Vitamins, Trace Elements, and Phytochemical Compounds in Ginkgo Biloba Leaves Extracts,” Egypt. J. Chem., 2022.
18. I. P. Ezeugwunne, “Activities of Pancreatic Enzymes and Anthropometric Indices in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, South Eastern, Nigeria,” Int. J. Curr. Sci. Res. Rev., vol. 04, no. 08, 2021, doi: 10.47191/ijcsrr/v4-i8-16.
19. C. Biolabs, “Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) activity assay kit (colorimetric),” Aspartate Amin. Act. assay kit, pp. 1–8, 2019.
20. A. Names, N. M. Aziz, and A. History, “Effect of postmenopausal on some liver enzymes in Kirkuk women ’ s Authors Names,” no. 26, pp. 17–23, 2021.
21. N. A. Khadse, M. P. Deshmukh, and A. M. Wankhade, “Cardioprotective Activity Of Herbal Formulation In Experimental Animal,” Am. J. PharmTech Res., vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 15–27, 2020, doi: 10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i5.002.
22. D. S. Nirwan and U. Kumar, “International Journal of Medical Science and Education An official Publication of Association for Scientific and Medical Education ( ASME ) Original Research Article COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SERUM AST , CK-MB , IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITH SURVIVAL AND MYOCA,” vol. 5, no. June, pp. 182–187, 2018.
23. M. Cheraghi, H. Ahmadvand, A. Maleki, E. Babaeenezhad, S. Shakiba, and F. Hassanzadeh, “Oxidative Stress Status and Liver Markers in Coronary Heart Disease,” Reports Biochem. Mol. Biol., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 49–55, 2019.
24. J. A. Reyes-Retana and L. C. Duque-Ossa, “Acute Myocardial Infarction Biosensor: A Review From Bottom Up,” Curr. Probl. Cardiol., vol. 46, no. 3, p. 100739, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100739.
25. X. J. Chen, S. M. Ren, J. Z. Dong, C. G. Qiu, Y. W. Chen, and H. L. Tao, “Ginkgo biloba extract-761 protects myocardium by regulating Akt/Nrf2 signal pathway,” Drug Des. Devel. Ther., vol. 13, pp. 647–655, 2019, doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S191537.
26. J. Ding et al., “Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats,” Liver Int., vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 1224–1232, 2005, doi: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2005.01169.x.
27. T. Baars et al., “Liver parameters as part of a non-invasive model for prediction of all-cause mortality after myocardial infarction,” Arch. Med. Sci., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 71–80, 2020, doi: 10.5114/aoms.2018.75678.
28. D. K. Djakpo, Z. Q. Wang, and M. Shrestha, “The significance of transaminase ratio (AST/ALT) in acute myocardial infarction,” Arch. Med. Sci. – Atheroscler. Dis., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 279–283, 2020, doi: 10.5114/amsad.2020.103028.
29. M. Amin, “No Title終末論的永劫回帰とモダニズムの弁証法,” 日本ワーグナー協会編『年刊ワーグナー1990』, vol. 168, no. 3, p. 東京：音楽之友社：pp. 56-79, 1990.
30. S. K. Kunutsor, S. J. L. Bakker, J. E. Kootstra-Ros, R. T. Gansevoort, J. Gregson, and R. P. F. Dullaart, “Serum alkaline phosphatase and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: Interrelationship with high sensitivity C-reactive protein,” PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 1–16, 2015, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132822.
31. Y. Wu et al., “Serum lactate dehydrogenase activities as systems biomarkers for 48 types of human diseases,” Sci. Rep., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2021, doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-92430-6.
32. O. A. Khalil, K. S. Ramadan, A. H. Hamza, and S. E. El-toukhy, “Association of plasma protein C levels and coronary artery disease in men,” vol. 12, no. 50, pp. 6986–6991, 2013, doi: 10.5897/AJB12.2013.
33. F. Song, H. Li, J. Sun, and S. Wang, “Protective effects of cinnamic acid and cinnamic aldehyde on isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial ischemia in rats,” J. Ethnopharmacol., vol. 150, no. 1, pp. 125–130, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.019.
Published
2023-10-26
How to Cite
Heyam A. Hashim, Aseel Khalil Ibraheem, & Shaymaa Saadi Abbood. (2023). Study of the Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extracts on the Activity of Cardiac Enzymes LDH, CK-MB using Spectroscopic Methods. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 4(5), 891-902. https://doi.org/10.17605/cajmns.v4i5.1937
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Articles
