A novel Cardiovascular Risk  Marker Among Young Adults’ Patient with Coronary Artery Disease in Basra Province

Zainab Abdil-Ridha; Jamal Ahmed Abdul-Barry; Abdul-Ameer Abdul-Barry

Zainab Abdil-Ridha Departement of Biochemistry
Jamal Ahmed Abdul-Barry Departement of Biochemistry
Abdul-Ameer Abdul-Barry Departement of Medicine Collageof medicine, University of Basra, Basra, Iraq

Keywords: C. rective protein, cardiovascular disease, biomarkers, coronary artery disease.

Abstract

Background; Despite the absence of classic CVD risk factors, patients still have CVD events, prompting the quest for novel markers of CVD risk. Given inflammation's central involvement in atherosclerosis, inflammatory biomarkers have emerged as promising indicators. Particularly useful in predicting cardiovascular risk across a wide range of patient populations are measures of C-reactive protein (CRP), Leptin, and ceruloplasmin. Higher levels of hs Crp and Leptin were found in patients with CVD compared to controls, although ceruloplasmin showed no statistically significant differences.

Methodology: The study comprised 90 patients diagnosed by coronary angiography. Participants in this study (53 males and 37 females) with CAD, their ages ranged from 25-45 years, the patient and control who attended Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital and Naft Al-Basra Specialized Heart Hospital, Basra, Iraq between from December 2022 to the end of September 2023 in Basrah, Southern Iraq. Leptin was measured using an (ELISA). hsCrp.ceruloplasmin was also measured using an Cobas e411.

Results; Leptin, hsCrp levels were significantly higher in patients compared to age-matched healthy controls, ceruloplasmin levels were non significantly between patients compared to age-matched healthy controls, according to the current study.

Conclusions: From our results, we can conclude the relashinship between leptin, hsCrp and ceruloplasmin levels and coronary artery disease Basra Governorate.

References

1. Naghavi M, Wang H, Lozano R, Davis A, Liang X, Zhou M, et al. (GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators) (January 2015). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71.
2. Shanthi M, Pekka P, Norrving B (2011). Global Atlas on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control (PDF). World Health Organization in collaboration with the World Heart Federation and the World Stroke Organization. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-92-4-156437-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-08-17
3. Davies MJ, Woolf N, Rowles PM, Pepper J. Morphology of the endothelium over atherosclerotic plaques in human coronary arteries. Br Heart J. 1988 Dec;60(6):459-64.
4. Schoenhagen P, Ziada KM, Vince DG, Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM. Arterial remodeling and coronary artery disease: the concept of "dilated" versus "obstructive" coronary atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001 Aug;38(2):297-306.
5. Arteriosclerosis / atherosclerosis - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
6. Scheen AJ. [From atherosclerosis to atherothrombosis : from a silent chronic pathology to an acute critical event]. Rev Med Liege. 2018 May;73(5-6):224-228.
7. 20. Bobbert P, Jenke A, Bobbert T, Kuhl U, Rauch U, Lassner D, et al.. High leptin and resistin expression in chronic heart failure: adverse outcome in patients with dilated and inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Eur J Heart Fail. (2012) 14:1265–75. 10.1093/eurjhf/hfs111
8. Michel T. No way to relax: The complexities of coupling nitric oxide synthase pathways in the heart. Circulation. 2010;121:484–486.
9. Kim OY, Shin MJ, Moon J, Chung JH. Plasma ceruloplasmin as a biomarker for obesity: A proteomic approach. Clin Biochem. 2011;44:351–356.
10. Syed AH, Lohana S, Aung NH, Memon MK, Shaikh A, Memon S, Hassan SM, Kumar B. Correlation of Leptin With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Case Control Study. Cureus. 2020 Dec 20;12(12):e12190. doi: 10.7759/cureus.12190. PMID: 33489600; PMCID: PMC7815288
11. Role of the adipocyte hormone leptin in cardiovascular diseases - a study from Chennai based population. Nalini D, Karthick R, Shirin V, Manohar G, Malathi R. Thromb J. 2015;13:12.
12. Role of leptin in atherogenesis. Dubey L, Hesong Z. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18651016/ Exp Clin Cardiol. 2006;11:269–275
13. Role of the adipocyte hormone leptin in cardiovascular diseases - a study from Chennai based population. Nalini D, Karthick R, Shirin V, Manohar G, Malathi R. Thromb J. 2015;13:12.
14. Association of serum omentin-1, chemerin, and leptin with acute myocardial infarction and its risk factors. Baig M, Alghalayini KW, Gazzaz ZJ, Atta H. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36:1183–1188.
15. Inflammation, a link between obesity and cardiovascular disease. Wang Z, Nakayama T. Mediators Inflamm. 2010;2010:535918
16. G. Engström, P. Lind, B. Hedblad, L. Stavenow, L. Janzon, and F. Lindgärde, “Effects of cholesterol and inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins on incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke in men,” Circulation, vol. 105, no. 22, pp. 2632–2637, 2002.
17. Awadallah, S.M.; Hamad, M.; Jbarah, I.; Salem, N.M.; Mubarak, M.S. Autoantibodies against oxidized LDL correlate with serum concentrations of ceruloplasmin in patients with cardiovascular disease. Clin. Chim. Acta 2006, 365, 330–336.
18. Michel, T. NO way to relax: The complexities of coupling nitric oxide synthase pathways in the heart. Circulation 2010, 121, 484–486
19. 38. Chapman, A.L.P.; Mocatta, T.J.; Shiva, S.; Seidel, A.; Chen, B.; Khalilova, I.; Paumann-Page, M.E.; Jameson, G.N.L.; Winterbourn, C.C.; Kettle, A.J. Ceruloplasmin is an endogenous inhibitor of myeloperoxidase. J. Biol. Chem. 2013, 288, 6465–6477.
20. Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration; Kaptoge S, Di Angelantonio E, Lowe G, Pepys MB, Thompson SG, Collins R, Danesh J. C-reactive protein concentration and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010 Jan 9;375(9709):132-40. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61717-7. Epub 2009 Dec 22. PMID: 20031199; PMCID: PMC3162187.) (Ridker PM: C-reactive protein and the prediction of cardiovascular events among those at intermediate risk: Moving an inflammatory hypothesis toward consensus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 49:2129–2138. 2007
21. Haverkate F, Thompson SG, Pyke SD, Gallimore JR and Pepys MB: European Concerted Action on Thrombosis and Disabilities Angina Pectoris Study Group. Production of C-reactive protein and risk of coronary events in stable and unstable angina. Lancet. 349:462–466. 1997.
22. Biasucci LM, Liuzzo G, Grillo RL, Caligiuri G, Rebuzzi AG, Buffon A, Summaria F, Ginnetti F, Fadda G and Maseri A: Elevated levels of C-reactive protein at discharge in patients with unstable angina predict recurrent instability. Circulation. 99:855–860. 1999
23. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Rose L, Buring JE and Cook NR: Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 347:1557–1565. 2002