The Study of Biomarkers in Patients Who Were Re-Infected With COVID-19 After Being Vaccinated With (Pfizer or Sinopharm) Vaccine in Basra, Iraq

Ahmed Jihad Abdulkadhim; Murtadha Allawi Jebur

Ahmed Jihad Abdulkadhim Department of Medical Lab Technology, College of Health and Medical Technology, Southern Technical University, Basra/Iraq
Murtadha Allawi Jebur Al Basra Teaching Hospital in Iraq

Keywords: biometrics, COVID-19

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 is a multisystem disease caused by complicated inflammatory, immunological, and coagulative pathways. Doctors must diagnose, hospitalize, apply intensive care, divide harm risks by severity, choose suitable treatment with supervision, and discharge patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. All COVID-19 vaccines stimulate adaptive and innate immunity. In response to vaccine, adaptive immunity stimulates B cells, which expand and increase to produce antibodies. Most COVID-19 vaccinations induce disease-fighting protein-specific antibodies. Objectives: the main objective is a discussion of the case of patients who were infected with the Coronavirus after taking a single dose of the Pfizer or Sinopharm vaccine. To determine the severity of the disease and make healthy and correct decisions to reduce deaths. Material and Methods: A total of participants in this study were (199), from them (81) healthy subjects as a control group, (78) COVID-19 patients and (40) of the participants recorded an infection for the second time after the vaccination, (13 of them was vaccinated with Pfizer and 27 of them was vaccinated with Sinopharm) who visited Al-Basra Teaching Hospital and Allmwanei Hospital in Al-Basra province between October 2021 and February 2022. The age average for the study population was (25-80) years. Serum and blood levels of human CBC, ESR, CRP, Ferritin, D-Dimer, IL 6, Albumin, FBS, HbA1c, Troponin, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL, Creatinine, Urea, Uric acid and GFR were measured. Results: The results show a highly significant increase in (Wbcs), ESR, CRP, Ferritin, D-Dimer, IL-6, FBS, HbA1C, and LDL, a highly significant decrease in Lymp, albumin, HDL, Uric acid, Creatinine, and urea, and non-significant behavior for troponin and eGFR for patients compared to the control group as a total number and as males and females separately. A statistical comparison of biochemical markers in re-infected COVID-19 patients after Pfizer or Sinopharm vaccination compared to first-time infected patients showed a highly significant difference in creatinine, urea, Ferritin, D-dimer, troponin I, cholesterol, Tg, Wbcs, and eGFR. An ROC analysis was performed for the biomarkers utilized in the study to determine their diagnostic usefulness among all COVID-19 patients infected after vaccination with the (Pfizer or Sinopharm) vaccine. Conclusion: The research concluded COVID-19 patients after being vaccinated with Pfizer or Sinopharm vaccine, it was found that the elevation of inflammatory biochemical markers confirms, the severity of the disease and the disappearance of most immunity achieved by the vaccine. Also, the severity of reinfection was higher in patients who were vaccinated with the Pfizer vaccine compared to the patients who were vaccinated with the Sinopharm vaccine.

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