Role of Gamma Camera Components in Radiological Diagnosis
Keywords:
Gamma Camera, Collimator, Scintillator, PMT, Radiodiagnosis
Abstract
The gamma camera, along with SPECT and PET scanners, is one of the main imaging technologies in nuclear medicine. A collimator is typically constructed from tungsten to provide high absorption of gamma photon energies. It has a hole or holes for imaging. Gamma rays from a radioactive source within the body are emitted in all directions, while the photons required constructing an image travel through the hole. A scintillator is the most common material used to convert the high energy of gamma radiation into a low-energy optical photon. These detectors are one of the primary secrets to radio-diagnosis in nuclear medicine. The photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a versatile device with extraordinarily highly sensitivity and response. A typical photomultiplier tube contains a photo emissive cathode (photocathode), focusing electrodes, an electron multiplier, and an electron collector (anode). Conclusion: In the medical imaging area, everyone works to improve the resolution, sensitivity, and size of their devices so that patients can be treated better and diagnoses can be made more accurately. Also, the results of this study suggest that HGC could be a potential way to give better support during surgery.
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2. Cherry, S.R., The 2006 Henry N. Wagner Lecture: Of Mice and Men (and Positrons)—Advances in PET Imaging Technology. J Nucl Med November 2006. 42(11): p. 1735-1745).
3. Lees JE, et al., A Multimodality Hybrid Gamma-Optical Camera for Intraoperative Imaging. Sensors. 2017; 17(3): p.554-566
4. Krings, T., et al., A numerical method to improve the reconstruction of the activity content in homogeneous radioactive waste drums. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometer, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2013. 701: p. 262-267.
5. Povoski, S.P., et al., A comprehensive overview of radioguided surgery using gamma detection probe technology. World J Surg Oncol, 2009. 7(11): p. 1-63.
6. Alqahtani F. F. (2023). SPECT/CT and PET/CT, related radiopharmaceuticals, and areas of application and comparison. Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, 31(2), p.312–328.
7. Hasan,M.H., Hussain, H.S., Hasan, A.M., MRI Brain Scans Classification Using Bi-directional Modified Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix and Long Short-Term Memory, NeuroQuantology, 2020, 18 (9), 54.
8. Hasan, M. R. ., Kadam, S. M. ., & Essa, S. I. Diffuse Thyroid Uptake in FDG PET/ CT Scan cCan Predict Subclinical Thyroid Disorders. Iraqi Journal of Science, 2022, 63(5), 2000–2005
9. Lees, J.E., et al., A Hybrid Camera for simultaneous imaging of gamma and optical photons. Journal of Instrumentation, 2012. 7(6): p. 1-11.
10. Burke, G., et al., Comparative thyroid uptake studies with 131I and 99mTcO4-. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1972. 34(4): p. 630-637.
11. Zhao, L., et al., 99mTc-pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy predicts clinical outcomes in personalized radioiodine treatment for Graves' disease.Revista espanola de medicina nuclear e imagen molecular,2018. 37(6), p. 349–353.
12. Dawood, N.S., Mussttaf, R.A., AL-Sahlanee, M.H.R. Model for Prediction of the Weight and Height Measurements of Patients with Disabilities for Diagnosis and Therapy. International Journal Bioautomation, 2021, 25(4), pp. 343–352.
13. Van den Wyngaert, T., et al., The EANM practice guidelines for bone scintigraphy. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 2016. 43(9): p. 1723-1738.7.
14. Lawson, R.S., in The Gamma Camera: A comprehensive guide. Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine: Manchester, England.2013. p. 80-82.
15. Bugby, S.L., Development of a hybrid portable medical gamma camera, in Physics Department. 2015, University of Leicester: Leicester, UK.
16. Ali, W.M., 2015. Development of Prototype Quality Control Phantom for Gamma Camera and SPECT System.2015, Sudan University of Science and Technology: Sudan..
17. Van Audenhaege, K et al., Review of SPECT collimator selection, optimization, and fabrication for clinical and preclinical imaging. Medical physics, 2015. 42(8), 4796–4813.
18. Dong-Hee Han, et al., Development of a diverging collimator for environmental radiation monitoring in the industrial field: Nuclear Engineering and Technology,2022. 54(12), p. 4679-4683.
19. Roncali, E., Mosleh-Shirazi, M. A., and Badano, A., Modelling the transport of optical photons in scintillation detectors for diagnostic and radiotherapy imaging. Physics in medicine and biology, 2017. 62(20), p.207–235.
20. Numan S. Dawood, A method for source – depth estimation using a Hybrid Optical / Gamma Camera, in Physics Department. 2018, University of Leicester: Leicester, UK.
21. Hasan, R. H., Essa, S. I., & AL-Naqqash, M. A. Depth dose measurement in water phantom for two X-ray energies (6MeV and 10MeV) in comparison with actual planning. Iraqi Journal of Science,,2019, 60(8), p.1689–1693.
22. Lees, J.E., et al., A high resolution Small Field Of View (SFOV) gamma camera: a columnar scintillator coated CCD imager for medical applications. Journal of Instrumentation, 2011. 6(12): p. 1-12.
23. Moses W. W., Photodetectors for Nuclear Medical Imaging. Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment, 2009. 610(1), p. 11–15.
24. https://www.sense-pro.org/lll-sensors/pmt
25. Park, H., Yi, M. and Lee, J.S. Silicon photomultiplier signal readout and multiplexing techniques for positron emission tomography: a review. Biomed. Eng. Lett, 2022. 12, p. 263–283.
Published
2023-08-17
How to Cite
Dawood, N. S., Mohammed, N. Y., Mohammed, D. A. A., Al-Qadhi, R. G., & Ng , A. H. (2023). Role of Gamma Camera Components in Radiological Diagnosis. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 4(4), 456-462. Retrieved from https://cajmns.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJMNS/article/view/1730
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