Analysing the Levels of Various Biochemical Markers (T3, T4, and TSH) in Iraqi Patients with Thyroid Problems

Kareema  A. Dakhil

Kareema A. Dakhil Department of Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, University of Thi-Qar, Iraq

Keywords: Triiodothyronine (T3) and Tetraiodothyronine (T4), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone TSH

Abstract

Introduction: Around the world, thyroid disorders are rather common. Thyroid disease is also very prevalent in Iraq. With increased awareness, thyroid illness is being identified more frequently. Although men are not exempt from this disease, women are more affected by chronic non-communicable diseases than men are.

Methods: A total of 100 people (40 controls and 60 patients) from various age groups (51-55) and (56-60) were chosen as the study subjects.

The study's primary goal was to examine blood indicators that can be used to gauge the severity of a thyroid disease.

Result: T3, T4, and TSH levels in the patients' serum were the relevant markers. These are all discovered to have a favorable correlation. The levels of T3 and T4 typically rise when TSH levels fall. The study's goal was to make this discovery, and the parameters were measured in line with that goal. By using a solid phase competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay, the levels of T3 and T4 were examined. Sandwich paramagnetic chemiluminescent immunoassay was used to examine TSH levels.

The findings were found to be significant, particularly for the age categories of 51-55 and 56-60. With the TSH levels declining, it was discovered that the T3 and T4 levels were dramatically rising. The statistical tests back up this conclusion.

Conclusion: The of examine blood indicators (T3, T4, TSH) can be used to gauge the severity of a thyroid disease.

References

1. Weetman AP. Fortnightly review: Hypothyroidism: screening and subclinical disease. BMJ, 1997; 314: 1175 (19 April) (http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/314/7088/1175).
2. Sacher , Ronald ; Richard A . Mcpherson (2000) . Wildmann's Clinical Interpretation of Laboratory test 11th ed .. F.A Davis Company ISBN 0-8036-0270-7 .
3. Kariyawasam, D., Rachdi, L., Carré, A., Martin, M., Houlier, M., Janel, N., Delabar, J.-M., Scharfmann, R. and Polak, M. (2015). DYRK1A BAC transgenic mouse: a new model of thyroid dysgenesis in Down syndrome. Endocrinology 156, 1171-1180.
4. Inoue, K., Bando, Y., Sakiyama, K., Takizawa, S., Sakashita, H., Kondo, H. and Amano, O. (2015). Development and regression of the thyroglossal duct in mice. Ann. Anat. 200, 54-65.
5. Baskin et. al. "AACE Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for Evaluation and Treatment of Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism". American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 2002; 462: 465.
6. Duntas LH, Tsakalakos N, Grab-Duntas B, Kalarritou M, Papadodima E. "The use of recombinant human thyrotropin (Thyrogen) in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer". Hormones (Athens), 2003; 2(3): 169–74.PMID 17003018.
7. Synthroid (levothyroxine sodium tablets, USP) [package insert]. North Chicago, Ill.: Abbott Laboratories. http://www.rxabbott.com/pdf/Synthroid.pdf. Accessed January 27, 2012.
8. Mangiullo R, Gnoni A, Damiano F, Siculella L, Zanotti F, Papa S, Gnoni GV. 3,5-diiodo-l-thyronine upregulates rat-liver mitochondrial F(o)F(1)-ATP synthase by GA-binding protein/nuclear respiratory factor-9-Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 2010;1797:233–240. doi: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.10.009.
9. Yue WS, Chong BH, Zhang XH, Liao SY, Jim MH, et al. (2011) Hyperthyroidism-induced left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: implication in hyperthyroidism-related heart failure Clin Endocrinol. 74: 636–643.
10. Erem C, Ucuncu O, Yilmaz M, Kocak M, Nuhoglu I, et al. (2010) Increased thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor and decreased tissue factor pathway inhibitor in patients with hyperthyroidism. Endocrine 36: 473–478.
11. Biondi B, Kahaly GJ (2010) Cardiovascular involvement in patients with different causes of hyperthyroidism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 6: 431–443.
12. Brandt F, Green A, Hegedüs L, Brix TH (2011) A critical review and meta-analysis of the association between overt hyperthyroidism and mortality. Eur J Endocrinol 165: 491–497.
13. Thvilum M, Brandt F, Brix TH, Hegedüs L (2012) A review of the evidence for and against increased mortality in hypothyroidism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 8: 417–424.
14. Balachandar S, La Quaglia M, Tuttle RM, Heller G, Ghossein RA & Sklar CA 2016 Pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma of follicular cell origin: prognostic significance of histologic subtypes. Thyroid 26 219–226.
15. Baumgarten HD, Bauer AJ, Isaza A, Mostoufi-Moab S, Kazahaya K & Adzick NS 2019 Surgical management of pediatric thyroid disease: complication rates after thyroidectomy at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia high-volume Pediatric Thyroid Center. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 54 1969–1975.
16. Brose MS, Nutting CM, Jarzab B, Elisei R, Siena S, Bastholt L, De La Fouchardiere C, Pacini F, Paschke R, Shong YK, et al.2014 Sorafenib in radioactive iodine-refractory, locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet 384 319–328.