Predicting Pre-Owned Car Prices Using Machine Learning

  • Mohamed Asmaan M Bachelor of Engineering, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dhaanish Ahmed College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Mohamed Ismail P. M. H Bachelor of Engineering, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dhaanish Ahmed College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Sudharshan R Bachelor of Engineering, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dhaanish Ahmed College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Bhuvana Priya Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dhaanish Ahmed College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Keywords: Predicting Pre-Owned, Car Prices, Machine Learning, Linear Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest

Abstract

The steady increase in annual car manufacturing over the past decade is reflected in 2016's record high of more than 90 million passenger vehicles. As a result, there is now a booming industry dedicated to pre-owned automobiles. Both buyers and sellers can now more easily access information on the factors that determine a used car's current market value thanks to the proliferation of internet marketplaces. Using Machine Learning Algorithms like Lasso Regression, Multiple Regression, and Regression Trees, we'll attempt to build a statistical model that can predict the price of a used car based on historical client data and a number of characteristics. Predicting the future value of a car is essential for both consumers and sellers in the auto market. The ability of machine learning algorithms to reliably estimate car pricing based on factors like make, model, mileage, year, and more has been demonstrated. In this research, we offer a model for predicting the future cost of a car using machine learning. In this research, we offer a machine learning-based method for predicting future auto prices. By using feature engineering, data normalisation, and missing value handling, among other pre-processing approaches, we examine a sizable collection of historical automobile sales data. Then, we use machine learning algorithms like linear regression, decision trees, random forests, and support vector machines to train and assess the performance of our model.

References

1. S. Kuiper, “Introduction to multiple regression: How much is your car worth?,” J. Stat. Educ., vol. 16, no. 3, 2008.
2. P. Geurts, “Bias vs. variance decomposition for regression and classification,” in Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Handbook, New York: Springer-Verlag, 2006, pp. 749–763.
3. H. Wang, G. Li, and C.-L. Tsai, “Regression coefficient and autoregressive order shrinkage and selection via the lasso,” J. R. Stat. Soc. Series B Stat. Methodol., vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 63–78, 2007.
4. S. S. Banait, S. S. Sane, D. D. Bage and A. R. Ugale, “Reinforcement mSVM: An Efficient Clustering and Classification Approach using reinforcement and supervised Technique,” International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering (IJISAE), Vol.35, no.1S, p .78-89. 2022.
5. S. S. Banait, S. S. Sane and S. A. Talekar, “An efficient Clustering Technique for Big Data Mining” , International Journal of Next Generation Computing (IJNGC) , Vol.13, no.3, pp.702-717. 2022.
6. S. A. Talekar , S. S. Banait and M. Patil.. “Improved Q- Reinforcement Learning Based Optimal Channel Selection in CognitiveRadio Networks,” International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications, Vol.15, no.3, pp.1-14, 2023.
7. S. S. Banait and Dr. S. S. Sane, “Novel Data Dimensionality Reduction Approach Using Static Threshold, Minimum Projection Error and Minimum Redundancy, “ Asian Journal of Organic & Medicinal Chemistry, Vol.17, no.2, pp.696-705, 2022.
8. S. S. Banait and S. S. Sane, “Result Analysis for Instance and Feature Selection in Big Data Environment, “International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM), Vol.8, no.2, pp.210-215, 2022.
9. G. K. Bhamre and S. S. Banait, “Parallelization of Multipattern Matching on GPU, “International Journal of Electronics, Communication & Soft Computing Science and Engineering, Vol.3, no.3, pp.24-28, 2014.
10. D. Vyas and V. V Kapadia, “Evaluation of Adversarial Attacks and Detection on Transfer Learning Model,” in 2023 7th International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC), 2023, pp. 1116–1124.
11. D. D. Pandya, S. K. Patel, A. H. Qureshi, A. J. Goswami, S. Degadwala, and D. Vyas, “Multi-Class Classification of Vector Borne Diseases using Convolution Neural Network,” in 2023 2nd International Conference on Applied Artificial Intelligence and Computing (ICAAIC), 2023, pp. 1–8.
12. D. D. Pandya, A. K. Patel, J. M. Purohit, M. N. Bhuptani, S. Degadwala, and D. Vyas, “Forecasting Number of Indian Startups using Supervised Learning Regression Models,” in 2023 International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT), 2023, pp. 948–952.
13. S. Degadwala, D. Vyas, D. D. Pandya, and H. Dave, “Multi-Class Pneumonia Classification Using Transfer Deep Learning Methods,” in 2023 Third International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Energy (ICAIS), 2023, pp. 559–563.
14. D. D. Pandya, A. Jadeja, S. Degadwala, and D. Vyas, “Diagnostic Criteria for Depression based on Both Static and Dynamic Visual Features,” in 2023 International Conference on Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things (IDCIoT), 2023, pp. 635–639.
15. Ramesh, S., Rama Rao, T., “Indoor channel characterization studies for V-band gigabit wireless communications using dielectric-loaded exponentially tapered slot antenna,” International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 1243-1251, 2016.
16. Ramesh, S., Rama Rao, T., “Millimeter wave dielectric loaded exponentially tapered slot antenna array using substrate integrated waveguide for gigabit wireless communications,” Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 513-519, 2015.
17. S.Chitra, N.Kumaratharan, S.Ramesh, “A novel subspace method for precise carrier frequency offset estimation in multicarrier modulation scheme under multiuser environment,” International Journal of Communication Systems, vol. 33, no. 17, pp. e4608, 1-16, 2020.
18. V. Satheesh Kumar, S. Ramesh, “Implementation of High-Q Embedded Band Pass Filter in Wireless Communication,” Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 2191-2200, 2023.
19. V. Satheesh Kumar, S. Ramesh, “LCP Based Planar High Q Embedded Band Pass Filter for Wireless Applications,” Journal of Mobile Multimedia, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 307-318, 2018.
20. K. Kayalvizhi, S. Ramesh, “Design and Analysis of Reactive Load Dipole Antenna using Genetic Algorithm Optimization,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 279-287, 2020.
21. J. Jayalakshmi, S. Ramesh, “Compact Fractal wearable Antenna for Wireless Body Area Communications,” International Journal of Telecommunications and Radio Engineering, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 71-80, 2020.
22. S. Ramesh, T. Rama Rao, “High Gain Dielectric loaded Exponentially Tapered Slot Antenna Based on Substrate Integrated Waveguide for V-Band Wireless Communications,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, vol. 29, no. 11, pp. 870-880, 2014.
23. M. Vanitha, S. Ramesh, S. Chitra, “Wearable Antennas for Remote Health Care Monitoring System Using 5G Wireless Technologies,” International Journal of Telecommunications and Radio Engineering, vol. 78, no. 14, pp. 1275-1285, 2019.
24. Chitra S, Kumaratharan N, Ramesh S, “Enhanced brain image retrieval using carrier frequency offset compensated orthogonal frequency division multiplexing for Telemedicine applications,” International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology, vol.28, no.3, pp. 186-195, 2018.
25. I. K. Gupta, A. Choubey, and S. Choubey, “Salp swarm optimisation with deep transfer learning enabled retinal fundus image classification model,” Int. J. Netw. Virtual Organ., vol. 27, no. 2, p. 163–180, 2022.
26. Gupta, I.K., Choubey, A. and Choubey, S., 2022. Mayfly optimization with deep learning enabled retinal fundus image classification model. Computers and Electrical Engineering, 102, p.108176.
27. Gupta, I.K., Choubey, A. and Choubey, S., 2022. Artifical intelligence with optimal deep learning enabled automated retinal fundus image classification model. Expert Systems, 39(10), p.e13028.
28. Mishra, A.K., Gupta, I.K., Diwan, T.D. and Srivastava, S., 2023. Cervical precancerous lesion classification using quantum invasive weed optimization with deep learning on biomedical pap smear images. Expert Systems, p.e13308.
29. Gupta, I.K., Mishra, A.K., Diwan, T.D. and Srivastava, S., 2023. Unequal clustering scheme for hotspot mitigation in IoT-enabled wireless sensor networks based on fire hawk optimization. Computers and Electrical Engineering, 107, p.108615.
30. Uddin, M. I., Ali Shah, S. A., Al-Khasawneh, M. A., Alarood, A. A., & Alsolami, E. (2022). Optimal policy learning for COVID-19 prevention using reinforcement learning. Journal of Information Science, 48(3), 336-348.
31. Ullah, Z., Zeb, A., Ullah, I., Awan, K. M., Saeed, Y., Uddin, M. I., ... & Zareei, M. (2020). Certificateless proxy reencryption scheme (CPRES) based on hyperelliptic curve for access control in content-centric network (CCN). Mobile Information Systems, 2020, 1-13.
32. Alarood, A. A., Alsolami, E., Al-Khasawneh, M. A., Ababneh, N., & Elmedany, W. (2022). IES: Hyper-chaotic plain image encryption scheme using improved shuffled confusion-diffusion. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 13(3), 101583.
33. Rani, R., Kumar, S., Kaiwartya, O., Khasawneh, A. M., Lloret, J., Al-Khasawneh, M. A., ... & Alarood, A. A. (2021). Towards green computing oriented security: A lightweight postquantum signature for IoE. Sensors, 21(5), 1883.
34. Saleh, M. A., Othman, S. H., Al-Dhaqm, A., & Al-Khasawneh, M. A. (2021, June). Common investigation process model for Internet of Things forensics. In 2021 2nd International Conference on Smart Computing and Electronic Enterprise (ICSCEE) (pp. 84-89). IEEE.
35. Mast, N., Khan, M. A., Uddin, M. I., Ali Shah, S. A., Khan, A., Al-Khasawneh, M. A., & Mahmoud, M. (2021). Channel contention-based routing protocol for wireless ad hoc networks. Complexity, 2021, 1-10.
36. Al-Khasawneh, M. A., Shamsuddin, S. M., Hasan, S., & Bakar, A. A. (2018, July). MapReduce a comprehensive review. In 2018 International Conference on Smart Computing and Electronic Enterprise (ICSCEE) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
37. Kumar, V., Kumar, S., AlShboul, R., Aggarwal, G., Kaiwartya, O., Khasawneh, A. M., ... & Al-Khasawneh, M. A. (2021). Grouping and Sponsoring Centric Green Coverage Model for Internet of Things. Sensors, 21(12), 3948.
38. Sabir, M. W., Khan, Z., Saad, N. M., Khan, D. M., Al-Khasawneh, M. A., Perveen, K., ... & Azhar Ali, S. S. (2022). Segmentation of Liver Tumor in CT Scan Using ResU-Net. Applied Sciences, 12(17), 8650.
39. Alam Khan, Z., Feng, Z., Uddin, M. I., Mast, N., Ali Shah, S. A., Imtiaz, M., ... & Mahmoud, M. (2020). Optimal policy learning for disease prevention using reinforcement learning. Scientific Programming, 2020, 1-13.
40. Meng, F., Jagadeesan, L., & Thottan, M. (2021). Model-based reinforcement learning for service mesh fault resiliency in a web application-level. arXiv preprint arXiv:2110.13621.
41. Meng, F., Zhang, L., & Chen, Y. (2023) FEDEMB: An Efficient Vertical and Hybrid Federated Learning Algorithm Using Partial Network Embedding.
42. Meng, F., Zhang, L., & Chen, Y. (2023) Sample-Based Dynamic Hierarchical Trans-Former with Layer and Head Flexibility Via Contextual Bandit.
43. Meng, F. (2023) Transformers: Statistical Interpretation, Architectures and Applications.
44. M. Modekurti-Mahato, P. Kumar, and P. G. Raju, “Impact of Emotional Labor on Organizational Role Stress – A Study in the Services Sector in India,” Procedia Economics and Finance, vol. 11, pp. 110–121, 2014.
45. M. Modekurti, and R. Chattopadhyay, “The relationship between organizational role stress and life satisfaction levels among women employees: an empirical study,” The Icfaian Journal of Management Research. vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 25-34. 2008.
46. M. Mahato, “Organizational change: An action oriented toolkit,” South Asian Journal of Management, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 197. 2015.
47. P. G. Raju and M. M. Mahato, “Impact of longer usage of lean manufacturing system (Toyotism) on employment outcomes - a study in garment manufacturing industries in India,” International Journal of Services and Operations Management, vol. 18, no. 3, p. 305, 2014.
48. M. Mahato, “Performance Analysis of High, Medium and Low Companies in Indian Pharmaceuticals Industry,” IUP Journal of Management Research, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 52-70, 2011.
49. M. Mahato, “Life satisfaction–what does it really mean to Indians?,” PURUSHARTHA-A journal of Management, Ethics and Spirituality , vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 79–87. 2014.
50. M. Mahato and P. Kumar, “Emotional Labor – An Empirical Analysis of the Correlations of Its Variables,” European Journal of Business and Management, vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 163–168, Jun. 2012.
51. M Modekurti , “The nature of leadership: Reptiles, mammals, and the challenge of becoming a great leader”, South Asian Journal of Management, vol 14, no 4, pp 155, 2007.
52. Santoso, L.W., Yulia, and Widjanadi, I. (2016), “The application of New Information Economics Method on distribution company to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of performance”, International Journal of Engineering and Manufacturing, Vol. 6. No. 5, Sept 2016.
53. Santoso, L.W., Wilistio, A., Dewi, L.P. (2016), “Mobile Device Application to locate an Interest Point using Google Maps”, International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications, Vol. 5 No. 1.
54. Santoso, L.W. Yulia (2014), “Analysis of the Impact of Information Technology Investments – A Survey of Indonesian Universities”, ARPN JEAS, Vol. 9 No. 12.
55. Santoso, L.W. (2020) "Adaptive Educational Resources Framework for eLearning using Rule-Based System," The 4th Int. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology for Intelligent Systems (ICTIS), Ahmedabad, India, 15-16 May 2020.
56. Santoso, L.W. (2019) "Cloud Technology: Opportunities for Cybercriminals and Security Challenges," The 12th International Conference on Ubi-Media Computing, Bali Indonesia, 6-9 August 2019.
57. Dahal, R. K. (2019). Customer satisfaction in Nepalese cellular networks. Tribhuvan University Journal, 33(2), 59-72.
58. Dahal, R. K. (2020). Contemporary management accounting techniques and organizational performance. Pravaha, 26(1), 177-185.
59. Dahal, R. K. (2021). Customer performance and non-financial organizational performance of theNepalese cellular telecommunications industry. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(2), 132-144.
60. Bhakuni S, Gahlawat C, “Human Resource management practices on enhancing teachers’ performance,” Journal of advances and scholarly researches in allied education, Vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 249-256, 2019.
61. Bhakuni S, Gahlawat C, “Changing role of teachers in today’s scenario and role of human resource management in shaping them,” Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, vol.6, no.6, pp.352-357, 2019.
62. Bhakuni S, Kandari S, Gahlawat C, “Analysis of HRM Practices in Private Sector School Teachers in Uttarakhand,” Journal of humanities and social sciences studies, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 86-89, 2020.
63. A, V. V. ., T, S. ., S, S. N. ., & Rajest, D. S. S. . (2022). IoT-Based Automated Oxygen Pumping System for Acute Asthma Patients. European Journal of Life Safety and Stability (2660-9630), 19 (7), 8-34.
64. Awais, M., Bhuva, A., Bhuva, D., Fatima, S., & Sadiq, T. (2023). Optimized DEC: An effective cough detection framework using optimal weighted Features-aided deep Ensemble classifier for COVID-19. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 105026.
65. Bhakuni S, “Workforce participation of women in India: A factor that needs reform,” International Journal of research in Human Resource Management, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 106-111, 2022.
66. Bhakuni S, Kala S, “Yoga: Maintaining healthy employees at workplace,” International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, vol. 5, no.4, pp. 1347-1351, 2022.
67. C. H. Patel, D. Undaviya, H. Dave, S. Degadwala, and D. Vyas, “EfficientNetB0 for Brain Stroke Classification on Computed Tomography Scan,” in 2023 2nd International Conference on Applied Artificial Intelligence and Computing (ICAAIC), 2023, pp. 713–718.
68. D. D. Pandya, A. Jadeja, S. Degadwala, and D. Vyas, “Diagnostic Criteria for Depression based on Both Static and Dynamic Visual Features,” in 2023 International Conference on Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things (IDCIoT), 2023, pp. 635–639.
69. D. D. Pandya, A. Jadeja, S. Degadwala, and D. Vyas, “Ensemble Learning based Enzyme Family Classification using n-gram Feature,” in 2022 6th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS), 2022, pp. 1386–1392.
70. D. D. Pandya, A. K. Patel, J. M. Purohit, M. N. Bhuptani, S. Degadwala, and D. Vyas, “Forecasting Number of Indian Startups using Supervised Learning Regression Models,” in 2023 International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT), 2023, pp. 948–952.
71. D. D. Pandya, S. K. Patel, A. H. Qureshi, A. J. Goswami, S. Degadwala, and D. Vyas, “Multi-Class Classification of Vector Borne Diseases using Convolution Neural Network,” in 2023 2nd International Conference on Applied Artificial Intelligence and Computing (ICAAIC), 2023, pp. 1–8.
72. D. K. Sharma, B. Singh, E. Herman, R. Regine, S. S. Rajest and V. P. Mishra, "Maximum Information Measure Policies in Reinforcement Learning with Deep Energy-Based Model," 2021 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Knowledge Economy (ICCIKE), 2021, pp. 19-24.
73. D. K. Sharma, B. Singh, M. Raja, R. Regin and S. S. Rajest, "An Efficient Python Approach for Simulation of Poisson Distribution," 2021 7th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS), 2021, pp. 2011-2014.
74. D. K. Sharma, B. Singh, R. Regin, R. Steffi and M. K. Chakravarthi, "Efficient Classification for Neural Machines Interpretations based on Mathematical models," 2021 7th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS), 2021, pp. 2015-2020.
75. D. K. Sharma, N. A. Jalil, R. Regin, S. S. Rajest, R. K. Tummala and T. N, "Predicting Network Congestion with Machine Learning," 2021 2nd International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC), 2021, pp. 1574-1579.
76. D. Rathod, K. Patel, A. J. Goswami, S. Degadwala, and D. Vyas, “Exploring Drug Sentiment Analysis with Machine Learning Techniques,” in 2023 International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT), 2023, pp. 9–12.
77. D. Vyas and V. V Kapadia, “Evaluation of Adversarial Attacks and Detection on Transfer Learning Model,” in 2023 7th International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC), 2023, pp. 1116–1124. doi: 10.1109/ICCMC56507.2023.10084164.
78. F. Ahamad, D. K. Lobiyal, S. Degadwala, and D. Vyas, “Inspecting and Finding Faults in Railway Tracks Using Wireless Sensor Networks,” in 2023 International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT), 2023, pp. 1241–1245.
79. F. Arslan, B. Singh, D. K. Sharma, R. Regin, R. Steffi and S. Suman Rajest, "Optimization Technique Approach to Resolve Food Sustainability Problems," 2021 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Knowledge Economy (ICCIKE), 2021, pp. 25-30.
80. G. A. Ogunmola, B. Singh, D. K. Sharma, R. Regin, S. S. Rajest and N. Singh, "Involvement of Distance Measure in Assessing and Resolving Efficiency Environmental Obstacles," 2021 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Knowledge Economy (ICCIKE), 2021, pp. 13-18.
81. Gupta, M. Kumar, A. Rangra, V. K. Tiwari, and P. Saxena, Network intrusion detection types and analysis of their tools. India, 2012.
82. H. Bulut and R. F. Rashid , "The Zooplankton Of Some Streams Flow Into The Zab River, (Northern Iraq)", Ecological Life Sciences, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 94-98, Jul. 2020
83. H. Gupta, D. Patel, A. Makade, K. Gupta, O. P. Vyas, and A. Puliafito, “Risk Prediction in the Life Insurance Industry Using Federated Learning Approach,” in 2022 IEEE 21st Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference (MELECON), 2022, pp. 948–953.
84. H. Lakhani, D. Undaviya, H. Dave, S. Degadwala, and D. Vyas, “PET-MRI Sequence Fusion using Convolution Neural Network,” in 2023 International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT), 2023, pp. 317–321. doi: 10.1109/ICICT57646.2023.10134462.
85. Hasan, M. (2022). A Metaphorical & Visual Analysis of Gender in Al Jazeera & BBC coverage of Afghanistan after the Taliban takes over. Indiana Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(5), 38–43.
86. J. I. Ramos, R. Lacerona, J. M. Nunag, “A Study on Operational Excellence, Work Environment Factors and the Impact to Employee Performance,” FMDB Transactions on Sustainable Social Sciences Letters, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 12–25, 2023.
87. J. Mahale, S. Degadwala, and D. Vyas, “Crop Prediction System based on Soil and Weather Characteristics,” in 2022 Sixth International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud)(I-SMAC), 2022, pp. 340–345.
88. Jerusha Angelene Christabel G, Shynu T, S. Suman Rajest, R. Regin, & Steffi. R. (2022). The use of Internet of Things (Iot) Technology in the Context of “Smart Gardens” is Becoming Increasingly Popular. International Journal of Biological Engineering and Agriculture, 1(2), 1–13.
89. Kumar et al., “Flamingo-optimization-based deep convolutional neural network for IoT-based arrhythmia classification,” Sensors (Basel), vol. 23, no. 9, 2023.
90. Kumar, M. Kumar, S. Verma, K. Kavita, N. Z. Jhanjhi, and R. M. Ghoniem, “Vbswp-CeaH: Vigorous buyer-seller watermarking protocol without trusted certificate authority for copyright protection in cloud environment through additive homomorphism,” Symmetry (Basel), vol. 14, no. 11, p. 2441, 2022
91. Kumar, M.; Kumar, A.; Verma, S.; Bhattacharya, P.; Ghimire, D.; Kim, S.-h.; Hosen, A.S.M.S. Healthcare Internet of Things (H-IoT): Current Trends, Future Prospects, Applications, Challenges, and Security Issues. Electronics 2023, 12, 2050. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12092050. .
92. M. Kumar et al., “BBNSF: Blockchain-based novel secure framework using RP2-RSA and ASR-ANN technique for IoT enabled healthcare systems,” Sensors (Basel), vol. 22, no. 23, p. 9448, 2022.
93. M. Kumar, D. Kumar, and M. A. K. Akhtar, “A modified GA-based load balanced clustering algorithm for WSN: MGALBC,” Int. J. Embed. Real-time Commun. Syst., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 44–63, 2021.
94. M. Kumar, D. Kumar, and M. A. K. Akhtar, “Mathematical model for sink mobility (MMSM) in wireless sensor networks to improve network lifetime,” in Communications in Computer and Information Science, Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019, pp. 133–141.
95. M. Suganthi, and J. G. R. Sathiaseelan, “Image Denoising and Feature Extraction Techniques Applied to X-Ray Seed Images for Purity Analysis,” FMDB Transactions on Sustainable Health Science Letters, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 41–53, 2023.
96. P. Pandit, “On the Context of the Principle of Beneficence: The Problem of Over Demandingness within Utilitarian Theory,” FMDB Transactions on Sustainable Social Sciences Letters, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 26–42, 2023.
97. P. Paramasivan, “A Novel Approach: Hydrothermal Method of Fine Stabilized Superparamagnetics of Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) Nanoparticles,” Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, vol. 29, pp. 2805–2811, 2016.
98. P. Paramasivan, “Comparative investigation of NiFe2O4 nano and microstructures for structural, optical, magnetic and catalytic properties,” Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine, vol. 8, pp. 392–397, 2016.
99. P. Paramasivan, “Controllable synthesis of CuFe2O4 nanostructures through simple hydrothermal method in the presence of thioglycolic acid,” Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, vol. 84, pp. 258–262, 2016.
100. P. Paramasivan, S. Narayanan, and N. M. Faizee, “Enhancing Catalytic Activity of Mn3O4 by Selective Liquid Phase Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol,” Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine, vol. 10, pp. 1–5, 2018.
101. P.S. Venkateswaran, S. Singh, P. Paramasivan, S. S. Rajest, M. E. Lourens, R. Regin, “A Study on The Influence of Quality of Service on Customer Satisfaction Towards Hotel Industry,” FMDB Transactions on Sustainable Social Sciences Letters, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2023.
102. Pala, G., Caglar, M., Faruq, R., & Selamoglu, Z. (2021). Chlorophyta algae of Keban Dam Lake Gülüşkür region with aquaculture criteria in Elazıg, Turkey. Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 7(1), 32-46.
103. Pratap, A. Kumar, and M. Kumar, “Analyzing the need of edge computing for internet of things (IoT),” in Proceedings of Second International Conference on Computing, Communications, and Cyber-Security, Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021, pp. 203–212.
104. Priscila, S. S., Rajest, S. S., T, S. and G, G. (2022) “An Improvised Virtual Queue Algorithm to Manipulate the Congestion in High-Speed Network”, Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 3(6), pp. 343-360.
105. R, S., Rajest, S. S., Regin, R., & T, S. (2022). The Obstacles Facing Businesses that are Run by their Families as their Primary Owners. Central Asian Journal of Innovations on Tourism Management and Finance, 3(11), 145-163.
106. R, S., Rajest, S. S., T, S., & Regin, R. (2023). The Effects of Effective Management of Human Resources on The Overall Performance of An Organization. Central Asian Journal of Mathematical Theory and Computer Sciences, 4(1), 1-20.
107. R. Regin, Steffi. R, Jerusha Angelene Christabel G, Shynu T, S. Suman Rajest (2022), “Internet of Things (IoT) System Using Interrelated Computing Devices in Billing System”, Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, Vol.14, no.1, pp. 24-40.
108. R. Steffi, G. Jerusha Angelene Christabel, T. Shynu, S. Suman Rajest, R. Regin (2022), “ A Method for the Administration of the Work Performed by Employees”, Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, Vol.14, no.1, pp. 7-23.
109. Rajest, S. S. ., Regin, R. ., T, S. ., G, J. A. C. ., & R, S. . (2022). Production of Blockchains as Well as their Implementation. Vital Annex : International Journal of Novel Research in Advanced Sciences, 1(2), 21–44.
110. Rajest, S. S., Regin, R., T, S. and R, S. (2022) “Organisational Dedication, Employee Contentment on The Job, And Plans to Leave the Organization”, Central Asian Journal Of Mathematical Theory And Computer Sciences, 3(12), pp. 5-19.
111. Rajest, S. S., Regin, R., T, S. and R, S. (2022) “Strategic Leadership And Alignment Affect Organisation Performance”, Central Asian Journal Of Mathematical Theory And Computer Sciences, 3(12), pp. 248-266.
112. Rashid, R. (2017). Karakaya Baraj Gölünde (Malatya-Türkiye) yaşayan aspius vorax'da yaş tespiti için en güvenilir kemiksi yapının belirlenmesi/Determination of most reliable bony structure for ageing of aspius vorax inhabiting Karakaya Dam Lake (Malatya-Turkey).
113. Rashid, R. F., & Basusta, N. (2021). Evaluation and comparison of different calcified structures for the ageing of cyprinid fish leuciscus vorax (heckel, 1843) from karakaya dam lake, turkey. Fresenius environmental bulletin, 30(1), 550-559.
114. Rashid, R. F., Çalta, M., & Başusta, A. (2018). Length-Weight Relationship of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) from Taqtaq Region of Little Zab River, Northern Iraq. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology, 13(2), 69-72.
115. Regin, D. R., Rajest, D. S. S., T, S., G, J. A. C., & R, S. (2022). An Automated Conversation System Using Natural Language Processing (NLP) Chatbot in Python. Central Asian Journal Of Medical And Natural Sciences, 3(4), 314-336.
116. Regin, R., Rajest , S. S., T , S., G, J. A. C., & R , S. (2022). An Organization’s Strategy that is Backed by the Values and Visions of its Employees’ Families. Central Asian Journal of Innovations on Tourism Management and Finance, 3(9), 81-96.
117. S Silvia Priscila, M Hemalatha, “ Diagnosisof heart disease with particle bee-neural network” Biomedical Research, Special Issue, pp. S40-S46, 2018.
118. S Silvia Priscila, M Hemalatha, “ Heart Disease Prediction Using Integer-Coded Genetic Algorithm (ICGA) Based Particle Clonal Neural Network (ICGA-PCNN)”, Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science 8 (2), 15-19, 2018.
119. S. Ambika, T. A. Sivakumar, and P. Sukantha, “Preparation and characterization of nanocopper ferrite and its green catalytic activity in alcohol oxidation reaction,” Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, vol. 32, pp. 903–910, 2019.
120. S. Dave, S. Degadwala, and D. Vyas, “DDoS Detection at Fog Layer in Internet of Things,” in 2022 International Conference on Edge Computing and Applications (ICECAA), 2022, pp. 610–617.
121. S. Degadwala, D. Vyas, D. D. Pandya, and H. Dave, “Multi-Class Pneumonia Classification Using Transfer Deep Learning Methods,” in 2023 Third International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Energy (ICAIS), 2023, pp. 559–563. doi: 10.1109/ICAIS56108.2023.10073807.
122. S. S. Priscila, S.S. Rajest, S. N. Tadiboina, R. Regin and S. András, “Analysis of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Methods for Superstore Sales Prediction,” FMDB Transactions on Sustainable Computer Letters., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2023.
123. S. S. Rajest, R. Regin, S. T, J. A. C. G, and S. R, “Improving Infrastructure and Transportation Systems Using Internet of Things Based Smart City”, CAJOTAS, vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 125-141, Sep. 2022.
124. S. Upadhyay, M. Kumar, A. Kumar, K. Z. Ghafoor, and S. Manoharan, “SmHeSol (IOT-BC): Smart Healthcare Solution for future development using speech feature extraction integration approach with IOT and Blockchain,” Journal of Sensors, vol. 2022, pp. 1–13, 2022. doi:10.1155/2022/3862860
125. Shadab et al., “Comparative analysis of rectangular and circular waveguide using matlab simulation,” International Journal of Distributed and Parallel System., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 39–52, 2012.
126. Sharma, Praveen Kumar, and Shivram Sharma. “Results on Complex-Valued Complete Fuzzy Metric Spaces.” Great Britain Journals Press, London Journal of Research in Science: Natural and Formal, Vol 23, Issue 2 (2023), Page No. 57-64.
127. Sharma, Praveen Kumar, S. Chaudhary, and Kamal Wadhwa. "Common Fixed Points For Weak Compatible Maps In Fuzzy Metric Spaces." International Journal of Applied Mathematical Research, Vol.1, No. (2012): pp 159-177.
128. Sharma, Praveen Kumar. "Common fixed point theorem in intuitionistic fuzzy metric space using the property (CLRg)." Bangmod Int. J. Math. & Comp. Sci., Vol. 1, No.1 (2015): pp 83-95.
129. Sharma, Praveen Kumar. "Some common fixed point theorems for sequence of self mappings in fuzzy metric space with property (CLRg)." J. Math. Comput. Sci., Vol.10, No.5 (2020): pp 1499-1509.
130. Sharma, Shivram, and Praveen Kumar Sharma. "On common α-fixed point theorems." J. Math. Comput. Sci., Vol.11, No.1 (2020): pp 87-108.
131. SS Priscila, M Hemalatha, “Improving the performance of entropy ensembles of neural networks (EENNS) on classification of heart disease prediction”, Int J Pure Appl Math 117 (7), 371-386, 2017.
132. T, S. ., Regin, R. ., Rajest, S. S. . and R, S. . (2022) “Investigating the Style of Gender Leadership: Male and Female Leadership and Management Style”, International Journal of Development and Public Policy, 2(11), pp. 1–17.
133. T, S., Rajest, S. S., Regin, R., Christabel G, J. A., & R, S. (2022). Automation And Control Of Industrial Operations Using Android Mobile Devices Based On The Internet Of Things. Central Asian Journal of Mathematical Theory and Computer Sciences, 3(9), 1-33.
134. V. B. Gadhavi, S. Degadwala, and D. Vyas, “Transfer Learning Approach For Recognizing Natural Disasters Video,” in 2022 Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Energy (ICAIS), 2022, pp. 793–798.
135. V. Desai, S. Degadwala, and D. Vyas, “Multi-Categories Vehicle Detection For Urban Traffic Management,” in 2023 Second International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems (ICEARS), 2023, pp. 1486–1490.
Published
2023-07-31
How to Cite
M, M. A., P. M. H, M. I., R, S., & Priya, B. (2023). Predicting Pre-Owned Car Prices Using Machine Learning. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 4(4), 187-203. Retrieved from https://cajmns.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJMNS/article/view/1686
Section
Articles