A Study on the Physio-Therapeutic Effects of Myrtle (Myrtus Communis L.) Leaf- and Eucalyptus Leaf-Extracts on the Proliferation of Diarrhea-Inducing Escherichia Coli, Shigella, and Salmonella In Broilers Chickens
Keywords:
Eucalyptus, herbal antibacterial agents, Myrtus communis L
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of graded concentrations of myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) leaf- and Eucalyptus leaf-extracts (MLE and ELE, respectively) on the proliferation of diarrhea-inducing Escherichia coli, Shigella, and Salmonella in broilers chickens. The present study included the use of three bacterial isolates for each of the abovementioned bacteria obtained from the General Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq, which previously were recovered from diarrheal cases of broiler chickens. These bacterial isolates were subjected to the leaf extracts (aqueous or alcoholic) in agar-gel diffusion tests at four concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100mg/ml) as six plates for each concentration. Two control groups (water or ethanol) were used as six plates each. The results showed significant (p<0.05) effects of all concentrations for both extracts in inhibiting the growth of all bacteria compared with that from the controls. In a brief, significant (p<0.05) levels of bacterial inhibition were reported and were the highest from the aqueous MLE against the bacterial growth at 75 and 100mg/ml exceeding the effects of ampicillin and ciprofloxacin. At the second level, the aqueous and alcoholic ELE at 100mg/ml surpassed the impacts of ampicillin and ciprofloxacin against the bacterial growth. The alcoholic MLE came at the third place in its effectiveness against the tested pathogenic bacteria. The herein study findings suggest high effects of all myrtle leaf- and Eucalyptus leaf-extracts on the proliferation of diarrhea-inducing Escherichia coli, Shigella, and Salmonella in broilers chickens with the most impacts generated from the aqueous extract of myrtle leaves.
References
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35. Yu H, Lin ZX, Xiang WL, Huang M, Tang J, Lu Y, et al. Antifungal activity and mechanism of d-limonene against foodborne opportunistic pathogen Candida tropicalis. LWT. 2022 Apr 1;159:113144.
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2. QingWen S, LiGeng L, ChangHong H, ManLi Z, YuFang W. Study on natural medicinal chemistry and new drug development. Zhongcaoyao Chin Tradit Herb Drugs. 2010;41(10):1583–9.
3. Aferu T, Mamenie Y, Mulugeta M, Feyisa D, Shafi M, Regassa T, et al. Attitude and practice toward traditional medicine among hypertensive patients on follow-up at Mizan–Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. SAGE Open Med. 2022 Mar 15;10:20503121221083210.
4. Chali BU, Hasho A, Koricha NB. Preference and Practice of Traditional Medicine and Associated Factors in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia. Evid-Based Complement Altern Med ECAM. 2021 May 29;2021:9962892.
5. Hailu F, Cherie A, Gebreyohannis T, Hailu R. Determinants of traditional medicine utilization for children: a parental level study in Tole District, Oromia, Ethiopia. BMC Complement Med Ther [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Jul 14];20. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7178580/
6. Rizvi SAA, Einstein GP, Tulp OL, Sainvil F, Branly R. Introduction to Traditional Medicine and Their Role in Prevention and Treatment of Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases. Biomolecules. 2022 Oct 9;12(10):1442.
7. Thorsen RS, Pouliot M. Traditional medicine for the rich and knowledgeable: challenging assumptions about treatment-seeking behaviour in rural and peri-urban Nepal. Health Policy Plan. 2016 Apr;31(3):314–24.
8. Alves RR, Rosa IM. Biodiversity, traditional medicine and public health: where do they meet? J Ethnobiol Ethnomedicine. 2007 Mar 21;3:14.
9. Stubbe DE. Complementary and Alternative Medicine: If You Don’t Ask, They Won’t Tell. Focus J Life Long Learn Psychiatry. 2018 Jan;16(1):60–2.
10. Street R, Falkenberg T, Sundberg T, Balakrishna Y, Abrams A, Kredo T. Participation of traditional, complementary and alternative health practitioners in conventional health systems in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Aug 7;2019(8):CD013391.
11. Lee EL, Richards N, Harrison J, Barnes J. Prevalence of Use of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine by the General Population: A Systematic Review of National Studies Published from 2010 to 2019. Drug Saf. 2022;45(7):713.
12. James PB, Wardle J, Steel A, Adams J. Traditional, complementary and alternative medicine use in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. BMJ Glob Health [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Jul 14];3(5). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6231111/
13. Adegbola P, Aderibigbe I, Hammed W, Omotayo T. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory medicinal plants have potential role in the treatment of cardiovascular disease: a review. Am J Cardiovasc Dis. 2017 Apr 15;7(2):19–32.
14. Chandran R, Abrahamse H. Identifying Plant-Based Natural Medicine against Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020 Sep 15;2020:8648742.
15. Hahn D, Shin SH, Bae JS. Natural Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds in Foodstuff or Medicinal Herbs Inducing Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression. Antioxidants. 2020 Nov 27;9(12):1191.
16. Park MN, Rahman MdA, Rahman MdH, Kim JW, Choi M, Kim JW, et al. Potential Therapeutic Implication of Herbal Medicine in Mitochondria-Mediated Oxidative Stress-Related Liver Diseases. Antioxidants. 2022 Oct 17;11(10):2041.
17. Talib WH, Al-Ataby IA, Mahmod AI, Jawarneh S, Al Kury LT, Al-Yasari IH. The Impact of Herbal Infusion Consumption on Oxidative Stress and Cancer: The Good, the Bad, the Misunderstood. Mol Basel Switz. 2020 Sep 14;25(18):4207.
18. Zielinska-Blizniewska H, Sitarek P, Merecz-Sadowska A, Malinowska K, Zajdel K, Jablonska M, et al. Plant Extracts and Reactive Oxygen Species as Two Counteracting Agents with Anti- and Pro-Obesity Properties. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Sep 14;20(18):4556.
19. Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer via Chinese Herbal Medicine - PMC [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 14]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6754955/
20. Parham S, Kharazi AZ, Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, Nur H, Ismail AF, Sharif S, et al. Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiviral Properties of Herbal Materials. Antioxidants. 2020 Dec 21;9(12):1309.
21. Liang J, Huang X, Ma G. Antimicrobial activities and mechanisms of extract and components of herbs in East Asia. RSC Adv. 2022 Oct 10;12(45):29197.
22. Bittner Fialová S, Rendeková K, Mučaji P, Nagy M, Slobodníková L. Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plants and Their Constituents in the Context of Skin and Wound Infections, Considering European Legislation and Folk Medicine—A Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Oct 4;22(19):10746.
23. Colle J, Fraser A, Marmion B, Simmons A. Practical Medical Microbiology. 14th ed. New York: Churchil Livivingstone;
24. Baron E, Paterson L, Finegold S. Baily and Scotts. Diagnostic Microbiology . 9th ed. USA: Mosby; 1994.
25. Anesini C, Perez C. Screening of plants used in Argentine folk medicine for antimicrobial activity. J Ethnopharmacol. 1993 Jun;39(2):119–28.
26. Timbermont L, Lanckriet A, Dewulf J, Nollet N, Schwarzer K, Haesebrouck F, et al. Control of Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis in broilers by target-released butyric acid, fatty acids and essential oils. Avian Pathol J WVPA. 2010 Apr;39(2):117–21.
27. Peng L, He Z, Chen W, Holzman IR, Lin J. Effects of Butyrate on Intestinal Barrier Function in a Caco-2 Cell Monolayer Model of Intestinal Barrier. Pediatr Res. 2007 Jan;61(1):37–41.
28. Giannenas I, Florou-Paneri P, Papazahariadou M, Christaki E, Botsoglou NA, Spais AB. Effect of dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil on performance of broilers after experimental infection with eimeria tenella. Arch Anim Nutr. 2003 Apr 1;57(2):99–106.
29. Protective effect of Artemisia campestris extract against aspirin-induced gastric lesions and oxidative stress in rat - RSC Advances (RSC Publishing) [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 14]. Available from: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2014/ra/c4ra08564g/unauth
30. Jabri MA, Rtibi K, Tounsi H, Hosni K, Souli A, El-Benna J, et al. Myrtle berry seed aqueous extract inhibits human neutrophil myeloperoxidase in vitro and attenuates acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. RSC Adv. 2015 Jul 29;5(80):64865–77.
31. Hosseinzadeh H, Khoshdel M, Ghorbani M. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory effects and acute toxicity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Myrtus communis L. Aerial parts in mice. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2011 Dec;4(4):242–7.
32. Alem G, Mekonnen Y, Tiruneh M, Mulu A. Invitro antibacterial activity of crude preparation of myrtle (Myrtus communis) on common human pathogens. Ethiop Med J. 2008 Jan;46(1):63–9.
33. Tumen I, Senol FS, Orhan IE. Inhibitory potential of the leaves and berries of Myrtus communis L. (myrtle) against enzymes linked to neurodegenerative diseases and their antioxidant actions. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2012 Jun;63(4):387–92.
34. Serce S, Ercisli S, Sengul M, Gunduz K, Orhan E. Antioxidant activities and fatty acid composition of wild grown myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) fruits. Pharmacogn Mag. 2010 Jan;6(21):9–12.
35. Yu H, Lin ZX, Xiang WL, Huang M, Tang J, Lu Y, et al. Antifungal activity and mechanism of d-limonene against foodborne opportunistic pathogen Candida tropicalis. LWT. 2022 Apr 1;159:113144.
36. Pan J, Zhu Y, Abdel-Samie MA, Li C, Cui H, Lin L. Biological properties of essential oil emphasized on the feasibility as antibiotic substitute in feedstuff. Grain Oil Sci Technol. 2023 Mar 1;6(1):10–23.
37. Applegate TJ, Klose V, Steiner T, Ganner A, Schatzmayr G. Probiotics and phytogenics for poultry: Myth or reality?1. J Appl Poult Res. 2010 Jul 1;19(2):194–210.
38. Sabo VA, Knezevic P. Antimicrobial activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. plant extracts and essential oils: A review. Ind Crops Prod. 2019 Jun;132:413.
39. Park JW, Wendt M, Heo GJ. Antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus against fish pathogenic bacteria. Lab Anim Res. 2016 Jun;32(2):87.
40. Panahi Y, Sattari M, Pour Babaie A, Beiraghdar F, Ranjbar R, Hedaiat joo A, et al. The Essential Oils Activity of Eucalyptus polycarpa, E. largiflorence, E. malliodora and E. camaldulensis on Staphylococcus aureus. Iran J Pharm Res IJPR. 2011;10(1):43–8.
41. Mieres-Castro D, Ahmar S, Shabbir R, Mora-Poblete F. Antiviral Activities of Eucalyptus Essential Oils: Their Effectiveness as Therapeutic Targets against Human Viruses. Pharmaceuticals [Internet]. 2021 Dec [cited 2023 Jul 14];14(12). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8706319/
Published
2023-07-19
How to Cite
Jari, S. H. (2023). A Study on the Physio-Therapeutic Effects of Myrtle (Myrtus Communis L.) Leaf- and Eucalyptus Leaf-Extracts on the Proliferation of Diarrhea-Inducing Escherichia Coli, Shigella, and Salmonella In Broilers Chickens. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 4(4), 110-119. Retrieved from https://cajmns.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJMNS/article/view/1672
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Articles
