Acute Health Effects of Crude Oil Spill in a Rural Community in Bonny, Rivers State, Nigeria
Keywords:
Acute Health, Depression, Community, Rural Dwellers, oil spillage
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of crude oil spills on acute health challenges in rural communities in the Bonny Local Government Area. The study used a descriptive survey research design, involving an in-depth structured questionnaire distributed to 200 respondents from rural communities affected by oil spills in Bonny LGA. The collected data were subjected mean and standard deviation statistical analysis. The findings of the study revealed that oil spills occur as a result of leaking or corroded pipelines, poorly maintained storage tanks, improper disposal of used oil and other petroleum products, and accidents due to human negligence or error among others and causes a number of acute health challenges in rural communities. These include respiratory and skin diseases, as well as an increased risk of cancer, due to exposure to hazardous chemicals. Furthermore, oil spills can cause mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety. The study recommended among others that there is the need to establish strict regulations and guidelines for companies that are responsible for oil spills, such as those that involve offshore drilling, which is designed to reduce the risk of oil spills and subsequent pollution.
References
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2. Agwu. (2015). Teamwork and employee performance in the bonny Nigeria liquefied natural gas plant.https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mba Agwu/publication/295542682_Teamwork_and_Employee_Performance_in_The_bonny_Nigeria_Liquefied_Natural_Gas_Plant/links/573e097f08ae9f741b30029d/Teamwork-and-Employee-Performance-in-The-bonny-Nigeria-Liquefied-Natural-Gas-Plant.pdf
3. Berger, J. O., Zivin, J. G., Bloom, N., & Pender, J. (2020). Mental health and the environment: Psychological consequences of crude oil spills. Environment International, 135, 105993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105993
4. Betts, J. (2020). Motion sickness. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/motion-sickness
5. Chiang, J. J., & Lai, M. S. (2018). Management of acute health conditions in primary care: A concise review. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 6(8), 213–222. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v6.i8.213
6. Croteau, M.N. (2014). Impacts of oil spills on coastal communities and environments. Ocean & Coastal Management, 92, 3-14.
7. Cunningham, S. A., Cohen, S., & Rosenfield, M. (2018). Health impacts of crude oil spills. Environmental Research, 162, 9-18.
8. Falk, D. (2018). Health effects of oil spills. Environmental Health News. https://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2018/aug/health-effects-of-
9. Friedman, M. (2015). The environmental, economic, and social impacts of oil spills. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(20), 12062-12068.
10. Fung, R., Chan, J. T. Y., & Chen, Z. (2020). Health impacts of crude oil spills: A systematic review. Environmental Health and Toxicology, 35, e2020028. https://doi.org/10.5620/eht.e2020028
11. Gonzalez-Flesca, N., Rodriguez-Gomez, F. J., Salgado-Jimenez, M. C., & Lopez-Martinez, M. (2019). Health effects of crude oil spills: A review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(21), 4301. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214301
12. Gonzalez-Munoz, M. T., Sanchez-Vizcaino, J. M., & Leon, J. (2017). Effects of oil spills on human health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(8), 845. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080845
13. Haines, C. A., Willard, K. E., Akgun, J., & Ireland, C. (2020). The health and safety impacts of crude oil spills on rural communities in the United States. Environmental Research, 188, 109458.
14. Healy, J. (2018). Acute health care management. In Oxford handbook of acute medicine (4th ed., pp. 6–19). Oxford University Press.
15. Hogstrand, C. (2019). Health Effects of Oil Spills. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430948/
16. Khan, M. J., Jahan, S., Ahmed, S., & Khan, S. (2020). Health hazards of oil spills: A review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 2839. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082839
17. Kirchner, C., Ramos, J., Lohrenz, S., & Deyle, E. (2017). Ecological and socio-economic impacts of crude oil spills on coastal marine ecosystems. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 124(2), 562-573.
18. Krieger, N. (1996). Theories for social epidemiology in the 21st century: An ecosocial perspective. International Journal of Epidemiology, 25(1), 1-21.
19. Liu, V. (2017). Acute health conditions: Diagnosis and management. American Family Physician, 96(6), 374–379.
20. Mantzavinos, T. (2019). The role of community in rural development. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 5(2), 20-25.
21. Mayo Clinic. (2020). Motion sickness. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/motion-sickness/symptoms-causes/syc-20
22. Mehta, J. (2017). Acute health care. In S. C. Smith (Ed.), Encyclopedia of global health (3rd ed., pp. 337–341). Elsevier.
23. Mozaffarian, D., Stein, J., Siscovick, D., Tofler, G., & Psaty, B. (1996). Health Effects of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill. New England Journal of Medicine, 335(19), 1413-1421. doi:10.1056/NEJM199611073351901
24. National Bureau of Statistics. (2020). Bonny LGA, Rivers State. https://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/State-LGA/Bonny-LGA-Rivers-State
25. National Research Council. (2003). Oil in the sea III: Inputs, fates, and effects. National Academies Press.
26. Nguyen, K. M., Khoshhal, K. H., Khoshhal, K. H., Diab, M., & Karim, M. (2020). Health impacts of crude oil spills: A systematic review. Environmental Health and Toxicology, 35, e2020026. https://doi.org/10.5620/eht.e2020026
27. O’Neill, M. J., & Smith, S. C. (2019). Acute health care: Strategies and principles. In S. C. Smith (Ed.), Encyclopedia of global health (3rd ed., pp. 886–892). Elsevier.
28. Pereda, J. R., Barrantes-Vidal, N., & Rodríguez-Testal, J. F. (2017). The social-ecological model of health: An integrative approach to health and wellbeing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(8), 890.
29. References Gill, S. (2019). Acute care. In Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/acute-care
30. Riley, A. (2020). Rural communities: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of Rural Studies, 67, 1-9.
31. Sapkota, S., Fisk, A. T., Lee, J., & Mangold, J. (2018). The effects of oil spills on human health. Environmental Research Letters, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aac1ea
32. Sparrow, M. B., & Fingas, M. F. (2013). Oil spill science and technology. Elsevier.
33. The Guardian. (2012, October 28). Nigeria oil spill: 40,000 barrels spilled in Niger Delta flooding. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/28/nigeria-oil-spill-niger-delta-flooding
34. U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2016). Rural America at a glance. https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/45374/eib-162_1_.pdf?v=0
35. UNEP. (2011). Environmental assessment of Ogoniland.
Published
2023-03-29
How to Cite
Atonye, D. J. J. (2023). Acute Health Effects of Crude Oil Spill in a Rural Community in Bonny, Rivers State, Nigeria. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 4(2), 244-259. https://doi.org/10.17605/cajmns.v4i2.1406
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