Study on Detergent Pollution in River Chambal in the City Kota of Rajasthan, India

Nitin Gupta; S. M. Nafees

doi:10.17605/cajmns.v3i5.1056

Nitin Gupta Assistant Professor, Dept. of Chemistry, Government College, Kota, Rajasthan, India
S. M. Nafees Associate Professor, Dept. of Chemistry, Government College, Kota, Rajasthan, India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/cajmns.v3i5.1056

Keywords: detergent, pollution, Kota, Rajasthan, India, diseases, human, animal, plants, eutrophication

Abstract

Contamination and pollution of water are serious problems today. Many of the chemical substances that are disposed in water bodies are toxic and hazardous. Disease-causing microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses are solely responsible for waterborne diseases in both humans and animals. Nonylphenol, a hazardous chemical present in detergents, is known to enter water bodies and the food chains. It bio-accumulates and can pose serious environmental and health risks.

It has been detected in human breast milk, blood and urine, and is associated with reproductive and developmental effects in rodents. It is recommended to find substitutes of nonylphenol.

The Bureau of Indian Statistics (BIS) has set the standard of phenolic compounds in drinking water {0.001 milligram per litre (mg/L)} and surface water (5.0 mg/L). The detergents contain suspected carcinogens, and ingredients that do not fully biodegrade.

References

1. Butler, D., Friedler, E., & Gatt, K. (1995). Characterising the quantity and quality of domestic wastewater inflows. Water Science And Technology, 31(7), 13-24. doi: 10.2166/wst.1995.0190
2. Bajpai, D., & Tyagi, V. (2007). Laundry Detergents: An Overview. Journal Of Oleo Science, 56(7), 327-340. doi: 10.5650/jos.56.327
3. Bajpai, D., & Tyagi, V. (2007). Laundry Detergents: An Overview. Journal Of Oleo Science, 56(7), 327-340. doi: 10.5650/jos.56.327
4. Effendi, I., Nedi, S., Ellizal, Nursyirwani, Feliatra, & Fikar et al. (2017). Detergent Disposal into Our Environmentand Its Impact on Marine Microbes. IOP Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science, 97, 012030. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/97/1/012030
5. Effendi, I., Nedi, S., Ellizal, Nursyirwani, Feliatra, & Fikar et al. (2017). Detergent Disposal into Our Environmentand Its Impact on Marine Microbes. IOP Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science, 97, 012030. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/97/1/012030
6. Abel, P. (1974). Toxicity of synthetic detergents to fish and aquatic invertebrates. Journal Of Fish Biology, 6(3), 279-298. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1974.tb04545.x
7. Abel, P. (1974). Toxicity of synthetic detergents to fish and aquatic invertebrates. Journal Of Fish Biology, 6(3), 279-298. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1974.tb04545.x
8. Bajpai, D., & Tyagi, V. (2007). Laundry Detergents: An Overview. Journal Of Oleo Science, 56(7), 327-340. doi: 10.5650/jos.56.327
9. Gilbert, P., & De Jong, A. (2008). The Use of Phosphate in Detergents and Possible Replacements for Phosphate. Ciba Foundation Symposium 57 – Phosphorus In The Enviroment: Its Chemistry And Biochemistry, 253-268. doi:10.1002/9780470720387.ch14
10. Gilbert, P., & De Jong, A. (2008). The Use of Phosphate in Detergents and Possible Replacements for Phosphate. Ciba Foundation Symposium 57 – Phosphorus In The Enviroment: Its Chemistry And Biochemistry, 253-268. doi:10.1002/9780470720387.ch14
11. Gilbert, P., & De Jong, A. (2008). The Use of Phosphate in Detergents and Possible Replacements for Phosphate. Ciba Foundation Symposium 57 – Phosphorus In The Enviroment: Its Chemistry And Biochemistry, 253-268. doi:10.1002/9780470720387.ch14
12. Effendi, I., Nedi, S., Ellizal, Nursyirwani, Feliatra, & Fikar et al. (2017). Detergent Disposal into Our Environmentand Its Impact on Marine Microbes. IOP Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science, 97, 012030. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/97/1/012030
13. De Koning, A., Schowanek, D., Dewaele, J., Weisbrod, A., & Guinée, J. (2009). Uncertainties in a carbon footprint model for detergents; quantifying the confidence in a comparative result. The International Journal Of Life Cycle Assessment, 15(1). doi:10.1007/s11367-009-0123-3
14. PINK, S. (2005). Dirty laundry. Everyday practice, sensory engagement and the constitution of identity. Social Anthropology, 13(03), 275. doi: 10.1017/s0964028205001540