Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Shigellosis in Adults at the Contemporary Stage
Abstract
Resume. The persisting high incidence of acute intestinal infections requires special attention to the study of the etiological structure of their pathogens, the peculiarities of epidemiology and clinical manifestations in the contemporary period. The incidence of dysentery in the world is difficult to account due to the inaccessibility of qualified medical care, but according to careful counts from the WHO, up to 80 million cases of shigellosis occur annually, at least 700,000 of them are fatal [1,2 ].
Objective of the study: to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of shigellosis in adults in the contemporary period.
Materials and methods: patients who applied to the regional clinical infectious diseases hospital of Samarkand city over the past 10 years served as material for the research.
Results: Subfebrile temperature was observed in 35.0% of patients, febrile - in 38.5%. The rest of the patients had normal body temperature. The duration of the fever in 69.2% of cases did not exceed 3 days, in the rest of the febrile cases it did not exceed 7 days. The duration of the febrile period from the moment of admission to the hospital was 2.15 ± 0.22 days. 41.3% of patients complained of nausea, 37.5% complained of vomiting. Vomiting was noted once in 10.6%, up to 5 times in 26.9% of patients. Headache worried about 52.9%, and dizziness was observed in 17.3% of patients, mainly of elderly age. Abdominal pain in 6.4% was persistent, in other patients with abdominal pain syndrome - cramping - and were moderate in intensity, localized in the left iliac region (43.6%), and 52.6% of patients had diffuse character and only later shifted to the left iliac region. The duration of pain syndrome in 85.9% of patients did not exceed 5 days. Defecation were accompanied by tenesmus only in 9.0% of patients, while false desires were observed in 25.0% of patients. Lean stools with mucus were in 93.3% of patients, in 50.9% - with blood streaks. Stool frequency up to 5 times a day was noted in 6.7%, up to 10 times a day in 65.4%, up to 20 times a day in 27.9% of patients. On examination, decreased tissue turgor was observed in 27.9% of patients, tachycardia was noted in 72.1%, a decrease in blood pressure was observed in 25.0% of patients, an increase in 24.0%. Spasmodic and painful sigmoid colon was palpable in 51.9% of cases.
The disease was mild in 14.2% moderate - in 34.5% severe - in 51.3% of patients. Colitis was observed in 62.5% of cases, gastroenterocolitic in 26.9% and enterocolitic in 10.6% of cases.
References
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